Is 3 Buckshot the Best 20 Gauge Shotgun Home Defense Round? If Not, What Round is Better?

When considering 20 gauge shotgun rounds for home defense, opinions can vary widely. In this article, we will explore the 3 buckshot and evaluate whether it is indeed the best choice, or if there are more effective alternatives.

About 3 Buckshot

The 3 buckshot, commonly used in 20 gauge shotguns, consists of three buckshot pellets with a diameter of 0.25 inches. These pellets are often found in 3-inch shells and are known for their high density and effective penetration at short ranges. In a gelatin test, a 1200 fps load of 3 buckshot penetrated an average of 9.75 to 15 inches, which is considered sufficient after passing through two 1/2-inch sheets of sheetrock with 2x4 spacers mimicking an interior wall.

The Flexibility and Precision of the 20 Gauge Shotgun

A 20 gauge shotgun offers several advantages for home defense. Its versatility means that the shooter does not have to be as precise with their aim in a high-stress situation. Shotguns are also highly effective at close ranges, making them a powerful tool in any home defense arsenal. If the 3 buckshot is not the best option, which round would be a better choice?

High Brass Bird Shot - A More Precise Option

For a more precise home defense load, consider using high brass bird shot. This provides a deadly close-range load with fewer chances of larger shot passing through and unintentionally harming an unintended target. High brass bird shot is designed for close-range precision, where accuracy is critical for home defense situations.

My Personal Experiment with 20 Gauge Shotguns

My affection for the 20 gauge shotgun began a few months before the pandemic. I purchased a Rossi 100 break-action from a pawn shop, and right away, I loved it. I shot numerous trap and game loads through it. Later, I acquired a side-by-side that I modified to a "coach gun" with 18.5-inch barrels. I absolutely love this modified shotgun. Shotguns are particularly reliable and accurate in close quarters, making them an excellent choice for home defense.

Comparing 3 Buckshot to Custom Loads

While 3 buckshot is a popular choice, I experimented with custom loads to achieve a more powerful effect. For instance, I cast custom buckshot and slugs, achieving a 1/2-ounce weight with the slugs. The slugs, when cast using a 10-point socket as a mold, were precise enough to fit into an unslit wad cut to the height of the slug, acting as a "non-discarding sabot." This configuration allowed the slug to stay with the wad, providing a cushion that acts as a drag stage, similar to a shuttlecock. These custom loads weighed around 0.45 ACP but were larger in diameter and faster (about 400 fps) than 1 buckshot.

Pressure testing revealed that these custom "buck and slug" loads could achieve 1300 fps without exceeding the pressure limit, demonstrating their effectiveness. They held a good pattern and, at 15 yards, produced a slug hole surrounded by eight smaller pellet holes, indicating both penetration and spread.

Conclusion

While 3 buckshot is a popular choice, there are other options that can provide even better performance. For instance, a high brass bird shot can offer a precise and effective close-range load, while custom buckshot and slugs can provide significant power and penetration. Ultimately, the best round depends on the specific needs and circumstances of the shooter. Whether 3 buckshot or a different round, the key is to have the right tool for the job to ensure the safety and protection of your home and family.