Advantages of Burying Nuclear Power Plants Underground

The idea of burying a nuclear power plant underground has been proposed as a unique solution to several challenges in the nuclear industry. While some concerns exist, the potential benefits, especially in terms of decommissioning costs and enhanced security, make the concept worth exploring.

Similarities with Undersea Nuclear Power Plants

The advantages of underground nuclear power plants can be compared to those of undersea nuclear installations, such as those used in submarines. For instance, the Earth offers a similar level of shielding from radioactive decay particles as water does. Both mediums limit the immediate exposure to high radiation areas for non-authorized personnel, significantly reducing the risk of accidental exposure.

Decommissioning Costs and Economic Viability

Despite the initial costs associated with underground construction, the long-term benefits seem significant. Early nuclear reactors, like the BORAX-V, were built below ground level, demonstrating that such constructions are not necessarily prohibitively expensive. In fact, many modern office buildings have multiple levels of underground car parking, which is deeper than the decommissioned Trojan PWR at Hanford.

The arguments against underground construction often center around its initial expenses. However, the potential savings during decommissioning could offset these initial costs. While it is true that roughly 40 to 50 years may pass before existing nuclear plants decommission, the long-term savings from reduced waste handling and clean-up operations could be substantial.

Operational Considerations

One key advantage of an underground nuclear power plant is the reduced risk of damage from catastrophic events, such as a crashing plane. Moreover, the out-of-sight, out-of-mind mentality can provide a placebo effect for concerned citizens, who may be more reassured by the idea that the nuclear reactor is buried beneath the ground.

However, it is important to note that not all parts of the nuclear power plant would benefit from being underground. The reactor itself would be the primary component, but the rest of the plant, including critical infrastructure and maintenance areas, would likely remain above ground. This could make operator surveillance and maintenance more challenging.

Cutting-Edge SMR Designs

Some small modular reactor (SMR) designs are already considering this concept. For example, reactors could be built, fueled for a 25 to 30-year lifespan, and then placed into a sealed hole. At the end of their useful life, they can be effectively sequestered by filling the hole with concrete.

This approach would be particularly suitable for developing countries with no prior nuclear experience, or where proliferation concerns are valid. It offers a sustainable and secure solution that can be deployed rapidly and efficiently.

While the concept of burying a nuclear power plant underground is still in the exploration phase, the potential advantages in terms of decommissioning costs and enhanced security make it a topic worth further investigation.