Are Airline Pilots Trained to Fly Manually Amid Automation?

The role of airline pilots is often misunderstood. They are not just operators of automated systems; their training includes the capability to fly the airplane manually. However, recent trends in aviation automation have led to a reduction in manual flying skills. This article will explore whether pilots are still proficient in manual flying, the role of automation in modern aviation, and the challenges faced by pilots today.

The Role of Pilots: Manual vs. Automated Flying

Pilots are indeed trained to be proficient at flying manually. The term "pilot" is derived from the ability to steer and control the aircraft, both in manual and automated modes. While automation has led to safer and more comfortable flights, it has also resulted in a decline in manual flying skills. Automation, particularly in regions like RVSM airspace and LVO, is mandatory, but pilots still need to develop and maintain their manual flying skills.

In certain scenarios, manual flying is crucial. For instance, during critical phases of flight such as Category II and III instrument approaches, pilots must rely on their manual flying skills to ensure safe landings. The de-emphasis on manual flying in recent years has raised concerns about pilot proficiency, especially in emergency situations where systems may fail.

The Evolution of Automation in Aviation

The aviation industry has adopted automation to enhance safety and reduce fuel consumption. Unilateral use of automation started around 15 years ago, when airlines began enforcing the use of autopilot systems soon after takeoff and until just before landing. This approach was primarily driven by the desire to save fuel and enhance safety. However, the rapid shift towards automation led to a significant degradation in pilot skills.

As a result, several near-mishaps occurred due to autopilot malfunctions. This prompted a reevaluation of training practices. Today, airlines are bringing back manual flying into yearly training programs and recommending that pilots remain proficient during regular flights. While modern simulations provide valuable training, they cannot fully replicate the physical and psychological stresses of real-world flying conditions.

Current State of Airline Pilot Training

Despite the emphasis on automation, all airline pilots are still capable of flying the aircraft manually. However, many pilots lack extensive experience in flying the aircraft at extreme attitudes or under engine failure scenarios. Most emergency training is now conducted in simulators, which, while highly effective, do not fully prepare pilots for the actual physical and mental demands of flying. Therefore, airlines are encouraged to perform more training in actual aircraft, preferably without passengers.

Finding a Balanced Approach

The key to maintaining high pilot proficiency lies in finding a balanced approach between manual and automated flying. Airlines must ensure that pilots receive regular, hands-on training in both manual and automated flying to prepare them for a wide range of scenarios. While automation can enhance safety and efficiency, it should not come at the cost of degrading pilots' manual flying skills.

Conclusion

In conclusion, airline pilots are trained to fly manually, but recent trends in automation have led to a decline in manual flying proficiency. The aviation industry must work to strike a balance between automation and manual flying to ensure that pilots remain proficient and capable of handling any situation that may arise during flight. This involves regular training, both in simulators and in actual aircraft, to maintain the essential skills required for safe and efficient aviation.

Keywords: airline pilots, manual flying, automation in aviation