Can US Navy Submarines Fire Weapons While Submerged?

For decades, the popular belief was that US Navy submarines could not fire their weapons while submerged. However, the advancements in submarine technology have shattered this misconception. In this article, we will explore the capabilities and limitations of US Navy submarines in firing weapons submerged and why this capability is crucial for modern warfare.

Contradicting the Traditional Belief

It was once believed that US Navy submarines must surface to fire their weapons due to the extensive heat and volume generated by the exhaust during firing. According to conventional wisdom, the exhaust would evaporate all the surrounding water, causing the submarine to sink into a hole and be sealed by water. However, modern science and technological advancements have refuted this notion.

Contrary to this belief, submarines have been firing torpedoes underwater for over a century. The primary reason for the misconception lies in the operational requirements of launching ballistic missiles and anti-ship missiles. These systems require a specific environment for accurate and secure deployment. The missiles are typically launched from powered launch tubes that carry them to the surface, where their rockets initiate the final propulsion phase. Once the missile clears the tube, the hatch closes securely.

Underwater Capabilities of Torpedoes

Submarines have long been equipped with torpedoes that can be fired while submerged. Torpedoes are designed to operate in a secure underwater environment, making them an essential component of a submarine's arsenal. The key to their effectiveness lies in the design of the torpedo propulsion system and the guidance mechanisms, which are optimized for underwater operations. This allows submarines to launch torpedoes without the need to surface.

Submarine Weapon Launch Tube Systems

Modern US Navy submarines are equipped with weapons launch tubes capable of launching various types of munitions. The launch tubes are designed to provide a secure launch environment for torpedoes and anti-ship missiles. When a weapon is fired, the tube is pressurized with a propellant gas, which propels the weapon to the surface. Once the weapon exits the tube, it is propelled by its own propulsion system, ensuring a stable and reliable launch even in an underwater environment.

Unique Operational Requirements

While torpedoes can be launched while submerged, the limitations of launching ballistic missiles or anti-ship missiles are more complex. These missiles require a specific launch sequence that involves bringing the submarine to the surface for a short period to align with the Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) systems. This is particularly true for missiles that rely on radar or GPS for guidance. The surface launch process ensures that the submarine is in a secure and stable position, allowing for precise alignment and accurate targeting.

To address this, modern submarines have innovative solutions such as the Submarine Support Ship or boats that can help the submarine surface and reposition for a secure launch. Additionally, advanced software and communications systems within the submarine allow for real-time adjustments and communication to ensure the missile can be launched effectively from the surface.

The importance of surface launches is also highlighted by the presence of personnel on the conning tower. The SEAL Gunner, who mans the 30mm Gatling Gun, and the Ship’s Engineer Mate who defogs the periscope and replaces antennas, are crucial for close-proximity combat operations. These personnel ensure that the submarine is in a secure position for any last-minute adjustments or visual targeting.

The Role of Missile Launch Tubes

Missile launch tubes are another critical feature of modern submarines. These tubes are pressurized with inert gases, which ensure the safe launch of missiles while submerged. The missiles are designed to be launched in a controlled environment, and their propulsion systems are optimized for underwater operations. Once launched, the missile ascends to the surface, where its rockets take over to complete the launch and maneuvering process. The missile is then guided to the target, ensuring a high hit rate even in complex marine environments.

Conclusion

Contrary to the old belief, US Navy submarines can indeed fire their weapons while submerged. The advancements in submarine design and technology have made this possible, with torpedoes and certain types of missiles being capable of underwater launch. However, the unique requirements of launching ballistic missiles and anti-ship missiles still necessitate a surface launch environment for optimal performance.

Understanding the operational limitations and capabilities of submarine weapons is crucial for strategic planning and operational effectiveness. As technology continues to evolve, the capabilities of submarines will likely improve, enhancing their role in modern naval warfare.

Keywords: submarine weapons, torpedo warfare, missile launch tubes, US Navy submarines