Did Ancient Israelites Call Themselves Israelites?

The question of whether ancient Israelites called themselves Israelites has been a subject of scrutiny for scholars and historians. The terms Yisra’el and ‘Am Yisra’el, which mean the people of Israel and the Israelites, respectively, were in use and continue to be used today. However, these designations should not be limited to citizens of the modern State of Israel.

Yisra’el vs. ‘Am Yisra’el

Both Yisra’el and ‘Am Yisra’el are correctly used today to refer to the Jewish people, regardless of their geographical location or citizenship. It is important to note that “B’nei or bnai Yisra’el” means “members of the people of Israel” rather than “children of Israel.”

Scriptural References

Around the Bible, particularly in the Book of Isaiah, these designations appear in different contexts, confirming their usage. For instance, in Isaiah 43:43-43, God refers to the Israelites:

Isaiah 43

King James Version 43 But now thus saith the Lord that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee; I have called thee by thy name: thou art mine. 2 When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. 3 For I am the Lord thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee.

Limited Evidence and Identifications

The historical and archaeological evidence for a community identified as Israelites is limited. While there are vague references to a people or person called “Israel”, the term is often used in a broader sense to describe the land or the people. There is no specific evidence that the ancient Israelites called themselves by this term exclusively, and their identity is often inferred from archaeological finds, such as different communities practicing male circumcision and refusing pork.

Self-Identifying Through Ancestry

The ancient Israelites identified themselves based on their lineage and familial ancestry. This practice continues to this day, where individuals often take on the names of their forefathers. For example, a person might be referred to as Paul or Saul, not as “Son of Israel.” The term Israelites is a broader term that encompasses all descendants of the ancient Israelites.

Modern Perceptions and Misunderstandings

Modern perceptions of ancient Israelites often involve misunderstandings and stereotypes. Some contemporary groups, such as the Jews, are sometimes accused of a perpetual hatred by certain groups. These accusations are often based on stereotypes and lack historical context. Similarly, the term “anti-Semitic” is misused to describe criticism or hatred of Semitic people, which is a broader and often more accurate term than anti-Semitism.

A modern twist on this is found in the acknowledgment of Israelis referring to their ancient ancestors on tombstones. This practice underscores the deep-rooted connection they feel with their ancient heritage, which continues to play a significant role in modern Israeli identity.