Distinguishing Coronavirus from the Flu: Symptoms, Testing, and Management

Both the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the flu (influenza) share several symptoms making them difficult to distinguish without proper testing. Understanding the differences in symptoms and knowing how to manage both conditions can help ensure proper care and containment. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for both viruses.

Symptoms Common in Coronavirus and the Flu

Both the coronavirus and the flu are viral respiratory illnesses that can cause a wide range of symptoms. Some common symptoms include:

While these symptoms overlap, there are some distinguishing factors that can help differentiate between the two.

Runny Nose: A Symptom to Distinguish Between the Two

One symptom that can help distinguish the flu from the coronavirus is a runny nose. While nasal congestion can occur with both viruses, it is more common with the flu. Only a small number of COVID patients report having a runny nose. If you have a runny nose alongside other flu-like symptoms like body aches, fever, and fatigue, it is more likely that you have the flu.

Additionally, nasal discharge from the flu is typically green, yellow, or gray, while clear discharge may indicate allergies instead of a viral infection.

Loss of Taste or Smell: A Distinctive Sign of the Coronavirus

A loss of taste or smell is a common early sign of coronavirus, often occurring very suddenly and before other symptoms. In contrast, the flu does not typically cause this symptom. If you experience this symptom and have contracted a virus recently, you should suspect a coronavirus infection.

Respiratory Issues: More Common in Coronavirus

Respiratory issues, such as shortness of breath, are more common in the coronavirus compared to the flu. This symptom usually has a slow, gradual onset and may be more noticeable while exerting yourself, such as walking up the stairs. If you experience this symptom, it is important to contact your healthcare provider.

Time for Symptoms to Develop: Coronavirus Takes Longer

Typically, the coronavirus takes longer to develop symptoms compared to the flu. While the flu usually causes an illness 1 to 4 days after infection, the coronavirus may take up to 14 days. If you develop symptoms rapidly after exposure to someone with an infection, the flu is more likely. Conversely, if your symptoms develop more gradually over a few weeks, it is more likely to be the coronavirus.

Children and the Flu vs. Coronavirus

Children typically contract the flu more severely than the coronavirus. However, it is important to note that the coronavirus is still capable of causing severe illness in children. If your child under 10 presents with fatigue, coughing, fever, or body aches, the flu is more likely. This is a general trend, but not a scientific rule.

Other Causes of Similar Symptoms

While colds and seasonal allergies can mimic the symptoms of the flu or coronavirus, anxiety and panic attacks can also cause similar symptoms such as shortness of breath, headaches, and fatigue. However, these symptoms are typically different and more distinct in origin.

What to Do If You Get Sick

Isolating Yourself

If you suspect you have the coronavirus or the flu, it is important to isolate yourself to prevent the spread of the virus. Stay home, avoid public transit and crowded areas, and take time off work or school if necessary. Ensure you have a designated room or area in your home to stay isolated from others.

Seeking Testing

The only definitive way to distinguish between the flu and coronavirus is through a test. Contact your doctor or a local testing clinic to schedule a test. Once you receive your results, follow the quarantine guidelines, and inform anyone you have been in close contact with so they can get tested as well.

Managing Your Recovery

The primary treatment for both illnesses is rest. Ensure you are getting plenty of fluids and consider over-the-counter pain medications like acetaminophen to alleviate body aches, headaches, and sore throats. In the United States, the FDA has recently approved the drug Remdesivir for the treatment of coronavirus symptoms, though it is not a cure and may help shorten the duration of the illness.

Seeking Medical Help

If you experience difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare provider immediately. This symptom can be serious and may indicate a need for urgent medical attention. If breathing becomes an emergency, call 911 and inform the paramedics that you have tested positive for coronavirus so they can take appropriate protective measures.