Dynamic vs Condenser Microphones: Noise Pickup Comparison

When it comes to audio quality, especially in environments with background noise, the choice between dynamic and condenser microphones can significantly impact sound clarity. It's widely known that dynamic microphones generally pick up less background noise compared to condenser microphones. This article delves into the reasons behind this difference and helps musicians, audio engineers, and professionals alike make informed decisions.

Directional Pickup: The Karaoke King

One of the main reasons dynamic microphones excel in noisy environments is their directional pickup pattern. Many dynamic mics are designed with either a cardioid or supercardioid pickup pattern, which means they are more sensitive to sounds coming directly in front of the mic and less sensitive to side and rear sounds. This characteristic, known as directionality, helps in significantly reducing background noise, making dynamic mics ideal for live performances and recording loud instruments like drums and electric guitars where background noise is a concern.

Robustness and Durability: Built for Battle

Dynamic microphones are also more robust and better equipped to handle situations where sound quality may be affected by slight changes. They are less sensitive to subtle variations in ambient sound, making them less likely to pick up unwanted background noise. The mechanical design of dynamic microphones, which includes a diaphragm attached to a coil suspended in a magnetic field, provides a sturdier structure that can better withstand the rigors of live performances and studio recording.

Lower Sensitivity: Less is More

Dynamic microphones typically have lower output levels and require higher sound pressure levels to produce a strong signal. This characteristic allows them to ignore quieter background sounds more effectively. In contrast, condenser microphones, with their higher sensitivity, can capture more subtle sounds, leading to a higher risk of picking up background noise.

Transient Response and Noise Floor: A Tale of Two Microphones

The physics of dynamic and condenser microphones are fundamentally different. Dynamic microphones work by having a diaphragm attached to a coil that is suspended in a magnetic field. The diaphragm is relatively heavy, which restricts its movements and therefore results in fewer subtle sounds being picked up, especially in the higher frequency range. On the other hand, condenser microphones use two charged plates: a diaphragm that moves and a fixed backplate. This design allows for a stronger transient response and a higher sensitivity to transients, which can also mean a higher noise pickup.

Drummers and guitarists often use dynamic microphones because they can handle high sound levels without distorting and are less prone to picking up ambient noise. For instance, both stage dynamic mics are often supercardioid or hypercardioid, which provide a tight beam pattern, minimizing off-axis noise. However, there are exceptions, such as the EV 655/RE55 and Shure SM63 extended bandwidth omnis, which offer a broader coverage without significant noise pickup.

In summary, while dynamic microphones generally have an edge in noise reduction, condenser microphones excel in capturing transient details and detailed nuances. The choice between the two ultimately depends on the specific application and the desired audio quality. Whether you are recording in a controlled studio environment or in a live performance setting, understanding the characteristics of dynamic and condenser microphones can help you make an informed choice that suits your needs.