Engine Design in Car Manufacturing: Are You Designer or Utilizer?

The automotive industry has always been a complex interplay of specialized expertise. Whether you're designing the aerodynamic body or honing the internal combustion engine, each part plays a crucial role in the overall performance and efficiency of the vehicle.

Interestingly, not every company or individual car designer needs to design their own engine. In fact, external powertrain providers have played a significant role in the automotive industry. Let's explore the scenarios where utilizing existing engines can be a smart choice, and some famous examples of how this has been implemented.

The Role of External Powertrains

In many cases, using an existing powertrain can significantly reduce development costs and time. Major automakers, for instance, often rely on engines produced by other manufacturers. This approach not only reduces financial burden but also allows companies to focus on their core competencies, such as vehicle design and engineering.

Historical and Contemporary Examples

One notable example is the collaboration between Holden and Opel in the 1970s. When Holden needed to increase fuel efficiency in their VB Commodore, they opted to repurpose the powertrain from an older model. Specifically, they took the 202 cubic inch 6-cylinder engine from the HZ Kingswood and installed it into the lighter and more aerodynamic Opel Rekord body. This move was logical on paper but had mixed results in reality.

The HZ Kingswood weighed 1342 kilograms, while the VB Commodore, featuring the same engine, weighed 1150 kilograms. Despite the weight difference, the fuel efficiency did not improve as much as expected. The top speed of both models was also comparable, indicating that other factors such as aerodynamics played a significant role in performance.

Another interesting case is the redevelopment of the L28E 2.8L 6-cylinder engine into the 3L Nissan RB30E for the Opel Rekord body. Nissan, in 1986, redeveloped this engine to fit the restyled VL Commodore. This move not only showcased Nissan's engineering expertise but also highlighted the importance of leveraging existing powertrains for new design requirements.

Holden's own engine evolution is a testament to the complexities of engine design. From 1978 to 1986, they developed various versions of the 202 cubic inch 6-cylinder engine. These engines included upgraded features such as a 12-port cylinder head, counterweighted crankshaft, and improved camshaft. However, by 1984, Holden faced challenges in using these engines with unleaded fuel. They thus introduced the EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) version, marked by a significant power increase but at the cost of efficiency.

Why Utilization of Engines Makes Sense

Utilizing existing engines can bring several advantages to manufacturers. Firstly, it reduces the upfront costs of engine development, allowing companies to allocate resources more efficiently. Secondly, leveraging advanced engine technologies can help ensure compliance with stringent emission control laws. Lastly, it simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces the risk of developing problems that might be inherent in a custom engine design.

In summary, while engine design is crucial for the automotive industry, not every company needs to reinvent the wheel. By utilizing existing powertrains, manufacturers can focus on their strengths and deliver advanced, efficient, and environmentally friendly vehicles to the market.

Key Takeaways:

Using an external powertrain can save costs and time. Different automakers have successfully implemented this strategy for specific models and designs. Continued reliance on advanced existing technologies is crucial for meeting modern emission standards.