How Do NASA Astronauts Travel to Space: Realities and Fantasies

The dream of space travel has long captivated the human imagination. The idea of blasting off in a capsule atop a powerful rocket evokes thrilling, if not a bit terrifying, imagery. But is this the reality of how NASA astronauts actually reach space? Let's explore the facts and myths behind this vast and mysterious endeavor.

Myths of Space Travel

There have been some entertaining yet unrealistic concepts about space travel that have been bandied about. For instance, the idea posited that there might be an elevator on the equator that could magically transport astronauts into orbit. While this sounds like an exciting idea, it remains firmly in the realm of fantasy. The basic principles of physics dictate that such a system would be extremely complex and likely impractical.

The Reality of Space Travel

For NASA astronauts, the journey to space involves a series of calculated and precise steps. It begins with the ascent aboard a powerful rocket, carefully strapped into a capsule. This part of the journey, while thrilling, is certainly not as smooth as a roller coaster ride. Astronauts are fully aware of the risks and prepare extensively for every aspect of the journey.

SAFER: A Critical Safety System

Once in space, astronauts are not completely without risk. However, advanced safety systems like the SAFER (Suit Ancillary Forgettable Repair and Erasure) backpack help mitigate these risks. The SAFER uses small jet thrusters, controlled by a joystick similar to a video game, to allow astronauts to maneuver in space. It's a vital tool in the unexpected event that an astronaut becomes untethered and floats away, ensuring their safe return to the spacecraft.

The Steps Involved in Space Travel

The process of becoming a NASA astronaut and traveling to space involves a number of critical steps:

1. Boarding the Launch Vehicle

The journey begins when astronauts board a spacecraft atop a launch vehicle, colloquially known as a rocket. Today, the Russian 'Soyuz' launch vehicle and capsule is a common choice for this purpose. Upon reaching orbit, astronauts will use the spacecraft's vacuum-optimized engines to maneuver to different orbital planes.

2. Manouvering and Docking

Once in orbit, astronauts may be tasked with maneuvering the spacecraft to different orbital planes, even undertaking missions like intercepting the moon. Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters are used for these precise movements in space. Additionally, RCS is crucial for safely docking spacecraft together.

3. Return to Earth

The journey back to Earth is as complex as the journey to orbit. Traditional methods involve the use of parachutes and heat shields, a design seen in the SpaceX Dragon 2 capsule. Alternatively, some spacecraft use a lifting body design, such as the Space Shuttle or 'Dreamchaser' under development by Sierra Nevada. Another method is through vertical propulsive landings, similar to SpaceX's Starship, which is currently under development.

Conclusion

While the journey to space may never have been as simple as riding an elevator, the science and technology involved are stunningly advanced. For NASA astronauts, the journey is a combination of rigorous training, precise calculations, and innovative technology. Despite the many fantastical ideas that have been proposed, the reality of space travel is both fascinating and grounded in the hardcore science of exploration.