How to Identify Classes and Methods for Object-Oriented Programming Using OOP Concepts C

When developing an object-oriented program, the first step is to identify the appropriate classes and methods that will form the backbone of your application. This systematic approach ensures that your program is both structured and efficient. In this article, we will explore the process of identifying classes and methods using object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, specifically focusing on the Inventory Program.

Understanding the Software Design Process

The key to identifying classes and methods in an OOP context is a thorough software design process that aligns with the principles of object orientation. A robust software design method should:

Include a set of relevant concepts and notation Describe a well-defined design process Support the use of tools such as an advanced compiler with a strong type system

There are two predominant design schools of thought:

Translation School: This approach involves translating the program into a series of design patterns and refactorings. It is a more direct and systematic way to map your requirements into code. Elaboration School: This method involves an incremental and iterative design process, gradually refining the design over time based on feedback and requirements.

Analyzing the Project in Terms of Nouns

The initial step in designing an Object-Oriented (OO) program is to analyze your project in terms of nouns (objects) rather than verbs (actions). For example, if you are developing an Inventory Program, your nouns will likely include:

Parts: Different types of inventory items Warehouse: The place where inventory is stored Plant: A location where inventory items are produced or manufactured

Each of these objects can be represented as a class in your program. By focusing on nouns, you can break down your project into discrete, manageable components.

Defining Properties and Methods for Each Class

Once you have identified the classes, the next step is to define the properties and methods for each class. Properties represent the characteristics or state of the object, while methods represent the actions or behaviors of the object.

Defining Properties

Properties capture the essential data for each class. For the Inventory Program, some common properties for each class might include:

Parts: Part number, part name, part cost, part location, etc. Warehouse: Warehouse ID, address, capacity, etc. Plant: Plant ID, address, production capacity, etc.

These properties should be carefully selected to ensure that they accurately represent the state of each object.

Defining Methods

Methods represent the actions or behaviors of the objects. For each class, consider what methods are necessary to manage their properties and perform tasks. For example:

Parts: Set the value of a property (like setting the part name or cost), get the value of a property, add or remove parts, etc. Warehouse: Receive or ship parts, track inventory levels, etc. Plant: Produce parts, track production schedules, etc.

These methods ensure that your classes can interact with each other and perform the necessary operations to maintain an accurate and up-to-date inventory.

Conclusion

Identifying the right classes and methods for an Object-Oriented Program requires a systematic design process. By focusing on the significant nouns and defining the properties and methods for each, you can create a well-structured and efficient program. Whether you choose the Translation School or the Elaboration School, the goal is to ensure that your design process is thorough and that each class and method serves a clear purpose in your application.

Key Takeaways

Focus on nouns to identify classes in an OOP program.

Define properties and methods for each class to capture their state and behavior.

Use a well-defined software design method to ensure a robust and efficient program.