In 2023, Should I Learn C or Rust?

Introduction
Learning a language is not an end in itself; the ultimate goal is to develop reliable, valuable software. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, the skills required to create great software are independent of the specific programming language you choose.

Why C Isn’t for Everything

From a Linux perspective, there is a strong reason why C is not commonly used for kernel-level development—Rust has become a competitive alternative. This doesn't mean C is obsolete; in fact, C23 has been introduced to support a broader range of architecture and software system fields. For many applications, especially where performance is critical, C23 can still be a powerful choice.

However, if safety and security are paramount, Rust offers compelling advantages. It is now a legitimate contender in kernel-level development, alongside C, and it has been used to develop a new Desktop Environment (DE) called Cosmic, which is written entirely in Rust. For Linux enthusiasts, Cosmic offers an intriguing alternative. Even for non-Linux users, it's worth exploring.

The Benefits of Starting with C

For those entering the field of software development, starting with C is a wise choice. As C is a foundational language, understanding its fundamentals will serve as a solid base for learning other programming languages. Moreover, proficiency in C can enhance your overall coding skills and prepare you for more complex languages like Rust or higher-level languages such as Python.

Choosing Between C and Rust

When deciding between C and Rust, it’s important to consider the specific needs of your project or career path. C is a great choice if performance and productivity are your primary goals. However, if safety and security take precedence, Rust might be the better option.

For experienced C developers, transitioning to Rust can be challenging, as it requires a shift in mindset due to Rust's emphasis on memory safety. However, learning a bit of Rust, even if you continue primarily using C, can help you develop better coding habits and enhance your ability to write high-performance, safe code. Additionally, the principles behind Rust's programming philosophy can be applied to modern C development, often leading to more efficient and safer code.

When it comes to game development, where performance and manual memory management are crucial, C23 remains a strong contender. Rust's borrow checker can sometimes be a hindrance in game development, where memory safety is less of an issue. In such cases, the additional features of Rust, especially in other areas, can provide significant benefits.

Final Thoughts

The choice between C and Rust ultimately depends on your project requirements and your goals as a developer. If you’re focused on high performance and productivity, C might be the best choice. For those prioritizing safety and security, Rust is a strong contender. Even if you decide to use C, gaining a basic understanding of Rust can enhance your overall coding skills and broaden your perspective on modern programming practices.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the decision to learn C or Rust in 2023 comes down to your priorities. Whether you’re developing critical system software or writing high-performance applications, both C and Rust have their strengths. By understanding the trade-offs and benefits of each language, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your goals and helps you develop the skills necessary to create great software.