Is PLA Filament for 3D Printing Safe and Harmless?

Many 3D printing enthusiasts wonder if the filament they use is safe, especially when it comes to PLA (Polylactic Acid) filament. In this article, we will break down the safety and environmental impact of PLA filament and address common concerns.

What is PLA Filament?

Definition and Composition: PLA stands for Polylactic Acid, a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer derived from renewable resources such as cornstarch or sugar cane. Due to its plant-based nature, PLA is considered an eco-friendly option in the 3D printing world. However, this does not mean it is completely free from any potential risks. Flammability: While PLA is generally safe, it is important to note that it can be flammable. Extreme heat, reaching temperatures above 270°C, can pose a fire risk. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid using PLA in applications where high temperatures are expected, such as engine parts or other industrial components. Sweet Smell and Additives: PLA filament has a pleasant aroma during printing, often described as similar to corn syrup. However, manufacturers may add various additives to enhance the printing performance and color, which can slightly increase its toxicity.

Environmental and Health Considerations

Eco-Friendly Benefits: PLA is biodegradable and made from renewable resources, making it a more environmentally friendly option compared to materials like ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). This enhances its appeal for those concerned about sustainability.

Safety During Printing: When printing with PLA filament, it releases Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) which can be harmful if inhaled in large quantities. However, PLA is generally considered safer than ABS due to its lower toxicity levels.

Steps for Safe 3D Printing with PLA

Print in a Well-Ventilated Area: To minimize health risks, it is essential to print in a well-ventilated space. Avoid printing in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas to reduce exposure to emitted VOCs. Use an Enclosure: Enclosures can help reduce the spread of VOCs by containing the fumes within the printer area. This is particularly useful for prolonged printing sessions or in less ventilated spaces. Deploy an Air Purifier: Using an air purifier can help reduce the concentration of VOCs in the air, further minimizing potential health risks. Quality Check: Opt for PLA filament brands with fewer additives to reduce the risk of increased toxicity.

Can PLA Filament Be Touched Safely?

Yes, PLA filament is generally considered safe for handling. It is used in various applications, including food packaging and medical implants, where direct contact with the material does not cause harm.

Comparison with ABS Filament

ABS filament is known for its higher heat resistance and toughness but comes with a higher risk of toxicity due to its petroleum-based composition. PLA, on the other hand, is considered a safer choice, particularly for home and educational settings.

Conclusion

In summary, PLA filament is relatively safe compared to other filaments, especially when used for non-heat-intensive applications. However, it is important to follow proper safety guidelines, which include printing in well-ventilated areas, using enclosures, and selecting high-quality filament without excessive additives. By considering these factors, enthusiasts can enjoy the benefits of PLA filament without compromising their safety or the environment.