Natural Languages and Computer Languages: A Comparative Analysis

One of the most interesting intersections between natural languages and computer languages is their underlying structure and syntax. While they serve distinct purposes, both share parallels in terms of clear communication, precision, and rules governing structure. This article delves into the similarities and differences between natural and computer languages, providing insights that can enhance our understanding and proficiency in both domains.

Similarities and Structure

It is no coincidence that many standard functions and keywords in computer languages are based on English words. For instance, for(), while(), if(), do(), print(), if(), fopen(), fclose() and others follow this convention. This practice creates a familiar barrier for English speakers, making it easier for programmers to understand and manipulate the language. While other languages might be used, the mainstream adoption of English-derived language elements highlights the importance of human readability and understanding.

Programming Languages as a Subset of Natural Languages

Programming languages are a subset of natural languages but serve a different purpose. While you don't 'talk' to your computer, programming languages are indeed command languages—precise and structured. This precision is akin to mathematical language, where symbols and rules are defined to achieve clarity and accuracy. However, programming languages are more rigid in their symbol and vocabulary limits, much like established mathematical fields, yet they offer a more global and generic approach compared to natural languages.

Historical and Linguistic Parallels

As someone who speaks several natural languages and can write multiple computer languages, I have noticed some intriguing parallels. One of the most fascinating is the tri-radical root structure found in Semitic languages, such as Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic, and Amharic. These languages follow a pattern where words are derived from a three-letter root, inheriting a high-level meaning that can be used to define classes, objects, properties, and methods in an object-oriented programming model. This root structure is reminiscent of the class inheritance in object-oriented programming, where an object can be derived from a root with specific attributes and methods.

While there are exceptions in Semitic languages, where roots might have loose or contradictory meanings, the structure still bears a strong resemblance to the object-oriented principles in computer programming. This observation speaks to the inherent difficulties in organizing and structuring information, whether it's natural language or code, highlighting the common challenges faced by both natural and computer language users.

Cadence and Rhythm in Languages

The concept of cadence and rhythm is another intriguing parallel between natural and computer languages. Experienced programmers and poets share a common thread in their use of rhythm and structure. Just as a poet might express their thoughts through the structured rhythm of a haiku or sonnet, a programmer might craft their code in a way that is both efficient and readable. The code of an experienced Ruby programmer, for example, might exhibit a rhythm or cadence that reflects the structural harmony of their chosen language.

When you ask an engineer to explain the philosophy behind their code, you might find parallels in how a poet explains their haiku. Both are concerned with the balance and flow of their work, ensuring that each component contributes cohesively to the whole. Whether it's the rhythm of words in a poem or the rhythm of methods and classes in code, the underlying principle remains the same: clear and expressive communication.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while natural languages and computer languages serve different purposes, they share commonalities in their structure, precision, and the importance of clear communication. Whether you are fluent in multiple natural languages or master multiple computer languages, understanding these parallels can enhance your proficiency in both domains. As a programmer, aiming for clarity and readability in your code is as essential as crafting beautiful poetry in any language.