Navigating Precision: How Planes Keep Lasers on Target for Laser Guided Bombs

From their inception, laser guided bombs have relied on a combination of advanced technology and intricate human coordination to hit their intended targets with precision. These guided systems have evolved significantly over the years, with each iteration improving upon the previous one. In this article, we will delve into how modern planes keep the laser on target for laser guided bombs, focusing on the technical and operational aspects of this complex process.

Early Systems and Human Coordination

The origins of laser guided bombs can be traced back to the 1950s, when the concept of using lasers to guide bombs was first proposed. Initially, the laser system was set up to be co-axial with an imaging device, and the operator manually kept the target under the crosshairs. This early system was rudimentary but effective for its time, relying on the pilot's skill and the targeting equipment to align the laser accurately over the target.

Integration of Automated Technologies

As technology advanced, imaging systems, particularly Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) technology, began to play a crucial role in modern laser guided bombs. The FLIR was given an 'autotrack' function, which gave it the ability to detect and maintain track on hot objects. This autotrack function revolutionized the targeting process, allowing the system to track heat emissions from targets in various scenarios, such as enemy positions in bunkers.

The Role of Offset Aim Points

A significant evolution in the targeting technology was the introduction of an 'outset aim point' capability. In this configuration, the FLIR tracks a hot object, for example, an air vent on a bunker, while the laser aimpoint is deliberately offset to the bunker's door. This offset allows the system to maintain a 'safe' distance from the actual target, enhancing both the safety and the precision of the strike.

The Automation of Target Illumination

Another fascinating aspect of modern laser guided bombs is the automation of the target illumination process. In an advanced setup, the aircraft could first illuminate the target manually with a specific IR laser wavelength. This initial illumination generates a return heat at the specific wavelength, which can be filtered and detected. Once the heat spot is centered optically, servo motors and a computer work in tandem to ensure that the laser remains focused on that spot. This method ensures that the laser remains accurately aligned with the target, even as the aircraft maneuvers.

Conclusion

The journey from manual coordination to the sophisticated auto-tracking systems of modern laser guided bombs is a testament to the advancements in military technology. From early co-axial systems to the current use of advanced imaging and automated tracking, the process of keeping the laser on target has evolved significantly. Understanding these advancements not only provides insight into the technical aspects of warfare but also highlights the importance of precision in modern military operations.

Keywords: laser guided bombs, precision targeting, infrared lasers