Preparing a 0.5 M Nitric Acid Solution: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Preparing a 0.5 M nitric acid (HNO?) solution from concentrated nitric acid involves precise calculations and adherence to safety protocols. This article will guide you through the process step-by-step, ensuring you can prepare a 250 mL solution accurately.

Preparation of a 0.5 M Nitric Acid Solution

Step 1: Understanding the Dilution Formula

The dilution formula is used to calculate the volume of concentrated solution needed to prepare a diluted solution. The equation is represented as:

(C_1V_1 C_2V_2)

Variables:

(C_1) Concentration of the concentrated solution (15.8 M) (V_1) Volume of the concentrated solution needed (unknown) (C_2) Concentration of the diluted solution (0.5 M) (V_2) Final volume of the diluted solution (250 mL)

Step 2: Rearranging the Formula

Rearrange the formula to solve for

(V_1) (frac{C_2V_2}{C_1})

Calculation

Substitute the known values:

(C_2) 0.5 M (V_2) 250 mL 0.250 L (C_1) 15.8 M

Calculate:

(V_1) (frac{0.5 text{M} times 0.250 text{L}}{15.8 text{M}})

(V_1) (frac{0.125}{15.8} approx 0.0079 text{L} 7.9 text{mL})

Preparation Procedural Steps

Measure 7.9 mL of concentrated nitric acid using a pipette or a graduated cylinder. Add the concentrated nitric acid to a volumetric flask or a suitable container. Gradually add distilled water to the container, starting with half or a significant portion of the water needed to reach 250 mL. This method helps prevent exothermic reactions and ensures controlled mixing. Swirl or stir the solution gently to ensure thorough mixing. Use a glass rod or magnetic stirrer for uniformity.

Safety Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear gloves and goggles when handling concentrated acids. Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to prevent inhalation of harmful fumes.

In conclusion, preparing a 0.5 M nitric acid solution from concentrated nitric acid involves precise calculations and strict safety measures. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can ensure a successful and safe preparation process.