Revisiting the Myth: Nepal as the Second Richest Country in Water Resources

The claim that Nepal is the second richest country in the world in terms of water resources has been widely propagated. However, when examined critically, the truth may differ significantly from what is commonly believed. This article delves into the origins of this claim, highlights current evidences, and discusses the broader implications.

Origins of the Myth

The assertion that Nepal is the second richest country in terms of water resources is often cited in various reports, government documents, and promotional materials. It is typically used to emphasize Nepal's abundant hydropower potential and to attract foreign investment in the hydropower sector. Government agencies such as the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) have frequently highlighted this potential to encourage infrastructure development and economic growth.

The Myth vs. Reality

Despite its widespread belief, the claim that Nepal is the second richest country in water resources is not entirely accurate. A closer examination reveals that the ranking is based on a specific subset of water resources, namely inland water resources. Here are the facts:

Nepal is 41st in the world in terms of total renewable water resources. This places it significantly lower than countries like Brazil, which is often cited as being in the top position. Nepal is the second richest country in terms of inland water resources only. This is largely due to the numerous rivers and rivulets that flow through the country, totaling over 45,000 kilometers in length according to the Himalayan Institute of Development and Climate Leadership (HIDCL). Nepal’s rivers primarily flow to India. A significant portion of these rivers originate in India, which further diminishes the country's claim to being the second richest in water resources.

Implications for Economic Development

The classification of Nepal as the second richest country in water resources has implications for economic development. While it allows the country to promote its hydropower potential, it also indicates that the actual ranking is much lower. This can impact how Nepal positions itself in the global market and the type of investment it attracts.

Understanding the true nature of Nepal's water resources is crucial for policymakers and investors. It ensures that development strategies are based on accurate data, which can lead to more effective use of resources and better economic outcomes.

Conclusion

While Nepal does possess significant hydropower potential, the claim that it is the second richest country in water resources is a myth. This ranking is based on inland water resources and does not account for the fact that a significant portion of Nepal's rivers flow to other countries. Recognizing the true nature of Nepal's water resources can help in formulating more effective policies and attracting appropriate investment in the hydropower sector.

As Nepal continues to explore its vast hydropower potential, it is essential to focus on accurate data and realistic assessments of its water resources. This will ensure that the country can develop sustainably and economically, taking into account the full range of its natural resources.