Understanding Top-Level Systems Aerospace Contractors: Lockheed Martin and Boeing

Top-level systems aerospace contractors like Lockheed Martin and Boeing play a crucial role in the aerospace industry. However, it's important to understand the extent of their involvement in the engineering process and the role of subcontractors. This article aims to clarify these concepts and provide insights into how these contractors operate.

The Role of Lockheed Martin and Boeing

As aerospace contractors, Lockheed Martin and Boeing primarily focus on managing large-scale projects and overseeing the integration of various components. Their primary responsibility is to ensure that all systems and components work together seamlessly. They work in accordance with specific contracts, most notably with agencies such as NASA, as well as with defense agencies to develop cutting-edge technologies for military applications.

Evidence from a Limited Perspective

From a limited perspective, it is observed that Lockheed Martin, where the author worked, did not have subcontractors directly performing technical engineering. Instead, they specialized in designing and engineering systems in line with the NASA contract. This indicates that while Lockheed Martin oversees the entire process, the technical engineering is often handled by specialized suppliers and subcontractors.

The Management of Subcontractors

While Lockheed Martin and Boeing do not execute all the engineering themselves, they do manage a network of subcontractors. Essentially, these contractors are responsible for designing and producing specific components, which are then integrated by the prime contractor. This hierarchical system ensures that each part of the project meets the required standards and specifications.

Components and Suppliers

Many components of an aircraft, such as engines, air conditioning systems, and tires, are purchased from specialized suppliers. These suppliers are responsible for the design and engineering of these parts, often in collaboration with the prime contractor. For example, the engines for military aircraft are typically supplied by companies like Pratt Whitney or General Electric, which specialize in engine manufacturing.

Similarly, the sheet metal and other critical components of the aircraft itself are often sourced from external suppliers. The aircraft manufacturer ensures that these components fit seamlessly into the overall design and conform to strict quality standards. Nevertheless, the final assembly and integration of these components are carried out by the prime contractor.

The Concept of Prime Contractor

The term 'prime contractor' is widely used in the aerospace industry. Lockheed Martin and Boeing are two of the largest prime contractors and are responsible for the final integration and management of the project. However, they do not handle all the engineering tasks themselves. Instead, they specify the lower-level requirements for each subcontractor, who then perform more detailed designs, testing, and integration.

Specialization and Political Considerations

The reason behind this division of labor is multifaceted. Firstly, specialization is a key aspect. For instance, in the development of military aircraft, two U.S. companies are known for providing radar systems. These companies are not Lockheed Martin or Boeing, highlighting the importance of specialized suppliers.

Secondly, political considerations come into play. Spreading the workload across multiple states helps secure political support and funding from Congress. This approach ensures that various stakeholders are engaged, which is crucial for the success of large-scale projects.

Additionally, the role of prime contractors includes managing and overseeing the subcontracting process to ensure that all parts meet the required standards. This involves setting the requirements, monitoring the progress, and ensuring seamless integration.

Analogy with Real Estate

An analogy can be drawn to the construction industry, where the general contractor oversees the project but may subcontract specific tasks to specialized firms. In aviation, the role of the prime contractor is similar. For example, in the development of a new aircraft, one company may be responsible for the design, while another may handle the avionics, and yet another may focus on the communication systems. The prime contractor ensures that all these components work together, but does not perform all the engineering tasks themselves.

Conclusion

While Lockheed Martin and Boeing are top-level systems aerospace contractors, they do not necessarily perform all the engineering tasks. Instead, they manage a network of subcontractors who are responsible for specific components and systems. This hierarchical structure ensures that each part of the project is specialized and meets the required standards. Understanding this can provide a clearer picture of the processes and responsibilities involved in aerospace engineering.

Related Questions and Keywords

Keywords: aerospace contractors, subcontractors, prime contractor