How to Run Ubuntu on an M1 Mac: A Step-by-Step Guide

Many users wonder if it is possible to run Ubuntu on an M1 Mac, and the answer is yes, but it comes with a few limitations. This guide will explore the steps to attempt running Ubuntu on an M1 Mac using Virtual Machines, and provide an overview of the challenges and potential solutions.

Can You Install Linux on an M1 Mac?

The straightforward answer is, it depends. While Apple for macOS does not officially support running Linux natively, some distros and virtualization tools have been tested and managed to run on M1 Macs. However, the experience can be inconsistent and you might run into compatibility and performance issues.

Virtual Machines and Running Ubuntu on M1 Mac

Virtual machines (VMs) allow you to run another operating system on top of macOS without a full dual-boot installation. However, due to the M1 chip's ARM architecture, only certain virtualization software can support running a Linux OS effectively. One of the most promising tools is Parallel Desktop, which now supports the ARM version of Ubuntu.

Set Up Your Virtual Machine

To set up a virtual machine on an M1 Mac, follow these steps:

Download Parallel Desktop:
You can find a 14-day free trial of Parallel Desktop here: Install Parallel Desktop:
Follow the on-screen instructions to install Parallel Desktop on your M1 Mac. Install ARM Ubuntu:
You can download the latest image of ARM Ubuntu from the official Ubuntu website: Create a Virtual Machine:
Open Parallel Desktop and create a new virtual machine, ensuring to choose the ARM architecture. Install Ubuntu:
Import the ARM Ubuntu image into the virtual machine, and follow the installation prompts.

Historical Context and Previous Efforts

This isn't the first attempt at running Linux on Apple's M1 hardware. In early 2021, researchers at the security firm Corellium managed to boot and run Ubuntu Linux on an M1 Mac using a USB-C dongle. While this is a promising sign, it is not yet optimized for a full installation experience.

Download the Ubuntu Rootfs

The initial step in attempting to run Ubuntu on an M1 Mac involves downloading the Ubuntu rootfs. It is highly recommended to start with a Raspberry Pi image, which is easier to configure for the ARM architecture. Here's how to proceed:

Find the Redis Image:
Download the Redis image from the official Ubuntu website: Modify the Rootfs:
You will need to make modifications to the rootfs to ensure it boots properly on an M1 Mac. This process involves changing the source code, which requires advanced Linux knowledge.

Challenges and Risks of Running Ubuntu on M1 Mac

Running Linux on an M1 Mac comes with its set of challenges and risks. The process can be complex, and there is a high chance of system failure, which could result in the loss of important data. Only experienced and knowledgeable users should attempt this process.

Why Stay with macOS?

Given the current state of support for Linux on M1 Macs, it is recommended to stick with macOS Big Sur. This operating system is optimized for the M1 chip and offers a seamless experience, including emulation of older Intel applications through Rosetta 2. Switching to Linux comes with the risk of losing system stability and performance improvements.

Key Takeaways:

Virtual Machines like Parallel Desktop can allow you to run ARM Ubuntu on an M1 Mac. The ARM version of Ubuntu is not yet fully optimized for M1 Macs. Running Linux on M1 Macs directly comes with significant risks and complexities. Stick to macOS for a better and more stable experience.