Survival of United States Aircraft Carriers in World War II

During World War II, the United States had a substantial and diverse fleet of aircraft carriers. These floating airbases played crucial roles in naval operations and strategic engagements. However, the war left a significant impact on the fleet, with several vessels either damaged, scrapped, or mothballed. This article explores the survival of these iconic ships and their aftermath.

Initial Fleet Composition

Before we delve into the survival of the carriers, it is essential to understand their initial composition. Around 150 carriers of various sizes were built by the United States during World War II. This included 20 Essex-class carriers, 3 Yorktown-class carriers, and 2 Lexington-class carriers, with the Wasp and its sister ship forming part of this fleet. Additionally, there were around 30 smaller or "baby flat tops" carriers, known as escort carriers, intended for lighter duties.

Many of these carriers were present at the surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay, where they witnessed the historic event. Photographs from the scene reveal multiple aircraft flying overhead, all of which originated from carriers that participated in the war.

Survival Rates and Losses

Fleet carriers, often referred to as the "big boys," were designed for strategic missions and heavy offensive operations. Not a single fleet carrier was sunk during World War II. However, several carriers suffered significant damage and were either scrapped or mothballed, never to serve again. The deferred carriers that were scrapped included the USS Hornet and the USS Yorktown, which saw notable battles later in the war.

Some carriers, though damaged, continued their service after the war, with many serving well into the 1960s and 1970s. Notable conversions included the USS Ben Franklin, which was converted into an aircraft transport carrier. By the end of the war, most surviving carriers were in a state of good repair and continued to serve the United States Navy.

Post-War Operations and Conversion

After the conclusion of World War II, both the U.S. and Japanese carrier fleets were essentially rebuilt from scratch. By 1943, the U.S. had about 20 fleet carriers and around 80 escort carriers. The Japanese, on the other hand, managed to build only about six new carriers during the war and two half-carriers that were later converted back into cruisers.

By the end of the war, most newly constructed U.S. carriers had survived, with only 3–4 being knocked out by kamikaze attacks and one being sunk by a Japanese battleship. In contrast, all Japanese carriers were either sunk or rendered useless. This highlights the significant loss of the Japanese carrier fleet, while the U.S. managed to maintain a robust carrier force.

Conclusion

In summary, the United States aircraft carriers of World War II played a crucial role in the Allies' victory, though not all survived the war unscathed. While many carriers were damaged or permanently scrapped, the survivors continued to serve and were extensively utilized in post-war operations. The enduring legacy of these floating air bases serves as a testament to their importance in naval warfare and strategic operations.