The Foundation of the Indian National Army (INA): A Historical Account

The Indian National Army (INA) was a significant military unit that played a pivotal role in the fight against British rule in India during World War II. Founded in 1942, the history of the INA has been marked by intrigue, valor, and complex leadership dynamics. This article delves into the establishment of the INA, the key figures involved in its formation, and the remarkable journey that followed.

Origins of the Indian National Army

The Indian National Army was founded by Captain Mohan Singh, a member of the Punjab Regiment of the British Indian Army, and a prisoner of war since 1941. Alongside Major Fujihara, a Japanese army Intelligence officer, and Giani Pritam Singh, a Sikh priest and Indian National Congress activist based in Bangkok, the INA was established from 45,000 British Indian Army prisoners of war who had surrendered to the Japanese forces in Singapore in February 1942. This day is often marked by historical scholars, further enriching the narrative of World War II.

Initial Challenges and Leadership

Initially, Captain Mohan Singh took charge as the Commander of the force comprising of 30,000 POWs. However, Captain Mohan Singh recognized his own limitations and the need for a more experienced leader. He realized that he lacked the necessary diplomatic skills required to lead the army effectively, and this was evident in his strained relations with Japanese Generals. This insight marked the beginning of a series of pivotal events in the history of the INA.

The Involvement of Ras Behari Bose

Recognizing the need for a more seasoned and politically savvy leader, the Japanese government approached Ras Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary and a former member of the Ghadar Conspiracy who had taken asylum in Japan. Ras Behari Bose, at 70 years old, was a charismatic figure. He spoke Japanese, had become a Japanese citizen, and was deeply committed to the cause of Indian freedom. Ras Behari Bose took charge of the INA, providing the necessary leadership and political acumen that the army needed.

The Arrival of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Despite the initial leadership, it was clear that Ras Behari Bose and others believed that the best possible leader for the INA was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, a renowned freedom fighter and politician. They proposed Netaji's name to the Japanese authorities, and Netaji was subsequently approached. Wishing to support the struggle for Indian independence, Netaji agreed to take charge of the INA. His journey to take up this role was remarkable, involving a perilous voyage across the Pacific Ocean through a German Navy submarine and a Japanese submarine, eventually landing in Tokyo, where he met with Japanese Prime Minister Tojo and addressed the Japanese Parliament.

Pivotal Moments and Leadership

With Netaji at the helm, the INA saw a significant transformation. He moved the headquarters of the Provisional Government of Free India from Singapore to Rangoon, fostering a sense of unity and purpose among the force. Netaji's charismatic presence and strategic leadership added a new dimension to the fight for Indian independence. Ras Behari Bose and Captain Mohan Singh were appointed as advisors, each bringing their unique strengths to the leadership structure.

The legacy of the Indian National Army and its leadership, particularly Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, continues to be a subject of great interest and historical research. The formation and operations of the INA remain a testament to the fierce determination of the Indian people to gain freedom from British rule.

Conclusion

The story of the Indian National Army is a chapter in World War II that is entwined with the broader struggle for Indian independence. The decision to found the INA and the subsequent leadership dynamics highlight the complexities and challenges faced by those who sought to overthrow colonial rule. The INA, under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, has left an indelible mark on the historical landscape of India and continues to inspire researchers and enthusiasts alike.