The Maximum Borewell Depth in Rajasthan: Geographic and Hydrological Variations

The depth of borewells across the state of Rajasthan, India, varies significantly based on the local geography, hydrology, and intended use of the borewell. This article explores the factors influencing this variability and provides insights into the current state of borewell depths in different regions of Rajasthan.

Regional Variations in Borewell Depths

General borewell depths in Rajasthan typically range from about 100 meters (328 feet) to over 300 meters (984 feet) deep. These depths are particularly relevant in arid and semi-arid areas where groundwater levels are lower. In regions facing severe water scarcity, deeper borewells are often drilled to access water.

The depth at which water can be accessed depends on several factors including the permanent water table, proximity to rivers and canals, and rainfall patterns. In areas where rivers and canals are nearby, water may be available at depths ranging from 70 to 80 feet, while in hilly regions with constructed dams, water tables can be maintained at shallow levels. However, in regions with meager rainfall and limited watershed areas, borewell depths often need to be significantly deeper to tap into the groundwater.

Government Regulations and Groundwater Management

The Rajasthan government has recognized the need for better regulation of groundwater management. In June 2023, the government drafted a Groundwater Regulation Bill to establish a legal framework for the sustainable use of groundwater resources. As part of this initiative, the government plans to prescribe a maximum depth for borewells to prevent over-extraction and ensure water sustainability.

Currently, the maximum borewell depth is not uniformly fixed across the state. For instance, in the south of Rajasthan, particularly the Udaipur region, the terrain is hilly. In contrast, in the northern Bharatpur area and the eastern Kota region, the terrain is mostly plain. To the west, regions like Sri Ganganagar, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, and Barmer have a mix of terrain, with canals in some areas and saline water in others.

Exploring Specific Examples

For example, in Sri Ganganagar, due to the presence of canals, water is accessible at depths around 30 to 50 feet in some areas near the canal. However, in the Bikaner district, particularly in certain parts, borewell depths can reach an astounding 1000 feet, although the water accessed at such depths is often salty.

Similarly, in some regions, such as Bharatpur, the depth of borewells can be around 500 feet to provide a consistent water supply. These variations highlight the importance of understanding local geological and hydrological conditions when planning borewell depths.

Consulting Local Regulations and Guidelines

Given the variability in borewell depths, it is crucial for individuals, businesses, and authorities to consult local regulations and guidelines, as well as geological surveys, to determine the appropriate depth for a specific location. This approach ensures sustainable water management and prevents over-extraction, which can have severe impacts on the water table and local ecosystems.

As the state continues to evolve its policies and management practices, it is important for stakeholders to stay informed about the latest regulations and guidelines to ensure the responsible and sustainable use of groundwater resources.

Keywords: borewell depth, Rajasthan, groundwater levels