Understanding the Role of Lunar Module Pilots in the Apollo 11 Mission

The role of the Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) is often misunderstood, with many believing that they are solely responsible for piloting the Lunar Module (LM). However, the truth is more nuanced and requires a closer look at the Apollo 11 mission and the specific roles each crew member played.

Roles and Responsibilities

During the Apollo 11 mission, Neil Armstrong, who was the Commander, piloted the LM ascent and descent phases. Buzz Aldrin, who was designated as the Lunar Module Pilot, played a crucial but different role. This article delves into why Armstrong took on the piloting role during the landing while Aldrin fulfilled a supporting role.

Experience and Expertise

Armstrong had extensive experience as a test pilot and had previously flown in space on Gemini missions. His skills were crucial during the landing, which required precise control and quick decision-making. The commander typically pilots the spacecraft during critical phases, ensuring a safe and successful mission.

Types of Training

While Aldrin and other non-commanders were not trained to actually fly the landing, commanders were trained in LLTVs (Lunar Landing Training Vehicles), which were essentially practice modules used to simulate a lunar landing. This training gave commanders the experience needed to pilot the LM.

The Specifics of the Apollo 11 Landing

During the descent phase, the LM encountered unexpected challenges. These included a computer overload and the need to navigate around boulders. During these critical moments, Armstrong took manual control to ensure a safe landing. His decision to take over piloting was in line with the training and protocols established for such situations, even though Aldrin was officially the LMP.

Divided Responsibilities

During the powered descent and landing phase of flight, the division of labor was clear, even if it was not explicit. While Armstrong was at the controls and "eyes out" looking towards the landing site, Aldrin was "eyes down," monitoring the instruments and making callouts as needed. This division of responsibilities is common in manned aircraft and extends to the present day.

Cuts and Mock-Ups

The cockpit layout of the LM was designed with a specific division of labor. The Commander's station was on the left, and the LMP's station was on the right. This design reflected their roles and responsibilities during the mission.

Why the Term "Pilot"?

Apollo astronauts were all professional pilots, and they preferred the term "pilot" to describe their roles. The title was adopted even in later missions, such as the Skylab space station, where the third position was called "Science Pilot." This name change was likely influenced by the astronauts' desire for their skills and experience to be recognized.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while Buzz Aldrin was officially designated as the Lunar Module Pilot, the role during the critical landing phase was not solely about piloting. Neil Armstrong took over piloting tasks due to the specific circumstances and his extensive experience. The division of labor was clear, with Aldrin supporting Armstrong throughout the mission. This nuanced understanding of roles and responsibilities is essential for a complete appreciation of the Apollo 11 mission.