The Truth About Snakes in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide

It is a common misconception that there are no snakes in the UK. In reality, the country does have various types of snakes, both venomous and non-venomous. Let us explore the different species and shed some light on this fascinating topic.

One Venomous Species: The Adder

The UK has only one venomous species of snake, the Adder (Vipera berus). Adders are a type of viper and can be found in England, Wales, and Scotland. They are the only venomous snake in the UK, making them a unique interest for nature enthusiasts and visitors alike.

Despite their presence, adders are relatively rare and seldom seen. These snakes are more commonly found in open habitats such as heathlands, moors, and sand dunes. They are known to bask in the sun, making them visible during warm and sunny days, much like the author of the anecdote encountered one in the garden of a stately home in Oxfordshire, UK.

Non-Venomous Snakes: Grass Snakes

Grass snakes (Natrix natrix) are non-venomous and can be found throughout England and Scotland. Although they are larger than adders, reaching lengths of up to 1.2 meters (4 feet), they pose no threat to humans. These snakes are non-constrictors and primarily feed on amphibians and fish.

During the summer, grass snakes can be quite common, especially in rural and suburban areas. They are often seen near water sources and are particularly active during mating season. Unlike adders, which are more terrestrial, grass snakes prefer to stay close to water bodies.

Legless Lizards: The Slow Worm

One confusing aspect of UK reptiles is the slow worm. Although it may look like a snake, the slow worm (Anguis fragilis) is actually a legless lizard. While it is true that slow worms have been found in some areas of Scotland, most would not classify them as snakes due to their small size and unique characteristics. Slow worms are often mistaken for small snakes but are harmless to humans.

Slow worms are commonly found in gardens, moors, and open fields. They are known for their elongated bodies and smooth skin, which can make them difficult to distinguish from certain species of snakes. Despite the confusion, they play an important role in the ecosystem as they help in controlling insect populations.

Zoos and Private Collections

In addition to the native species mentioned, there are many venomous snakes kept in zoos or owned privately in the UK. These include exotic species such as king snakes, ball pythons, and various species of boa constrictors. However, owning dangerous snakes as pets is generally frowned upon and may be illegal in some regions. It is essential to understand the laws and ethical considerations before obtaining any exotic species.

One of the more significant species found in zoos and private collections is the death adder (Acanthophis spp.). While death adders are not native to the UK, they are occasionally kept as exotic pets. These snakes are known for their potent venom and aggressive behavior, making them a popular choice among snake enthusiasts.

The Myth of No Snakes in Ireland

There is a popular myth that Saint Patrick banished all snakes from Ireland, but this claim is a fabrication. In reality, Ireland never had any snakes to begin with, as land bridges connecting Ireland to the mainland were submerged by rising sea levels long before human civilization existed. This misconception likely arose from the absence of snakes in Ireland due to its geographical isolation and cooler climate compared to mainland Europe.

Ireland is known as the Emerald Isle, and its absence of snakes contributes to its unique and beautiful natural landscape. This contrast makes the discovery of snakes in the UK even more intriguing for visitors and locals alike.

For anyone interested in UK reptiles, a visit to a zoo or nature reserve can provide an excellent opportunity to observe these fascinating creatures up close. Whether you are in search of the elusive adder or the more common grass snake, the UK offers a wealth of information and resources for those eager to learn more about its diverse and sometimes misunderstood wildlife.