Understanding Legal and Practical Aspects of AR-15 Conversion to Machinegun

The conversion of an AR-15 rifle into a machinegun involves a complex interplay between legal regulations and practical considerations. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal and practical barriers to such conversions in the United States, focusing on the specific case of adding an auto sear or using parts from an M16 lower receiver.

The Legal Landscape

While converting an AR-15 into a machinegun may sound appealing for its potential effectiveness, significant legal restrictions make this process impractical for civilian ownership. This section outlines the legal framework that must be considered before attempting any modifications.

ATF Definitions and Protocols

According to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), certain components and modifications render a firearm a machinegun. The ATF categorizes machineguns based on their fire control mechanisms. To convert an AR-15 into a machinegun involves replacing parts to modify the fire control group, such as the disconnector or adding an auto sear. This conversion is prohibited for civilian use under the National Firearms Act (NFA).

Administrative Requirements and Restrictions

To obtain an exemption from the NFA, special permits must be acquired. These permits are issued under the auspices of the National Firearms Act, which is administered by the ATF. The process involves extensive paperwork, background checks, and the payment of a $200 tax. Additionally, individuals need to ensure they do not have any criminal history, including convictions for domestic violence or any felony, as such records would disqualify them from obtaining a permit.

Practical Considerations and Conversion Options

Aside from legal restrictions, practical considerations also come into play when discussing the conversion of an AR-15 into a machinegun. Two common methods for modifying an AR-15 include using an auto sear or incorporating parts from an M16 lower receiver. This section explores the practical nuances of these methods.

Auto Sear Conversion

An auto sear is a component that effectively disables the disconnector, allowing the firearm to continue firing as long as the trigger is held down. Adding an auto sear to an AR-15 can potentially turn it into a machinegun. However, this conversion is illegal for civilian use and is considered a machinegun under federal law. The consequences of possession for a civilian can include a 10-year prison sentence if it is not a pre-1986 registered example. Additionally, the Auto Sear Lightning Link, a device used for this purpose, is not easy to come by and can cost thousands of dollars.

Parts from M16 Lower Receiver

Another method involves using parts from an M16 lower receiver, such as the trigger assembly. Similar to the auto sear, this method is illegal and highly impractical for civilian use. The conversion renders the firearm a prohibited machinegun, subject to the same federal penalties.

Cost and Feasibility

Due to the legal restrictions, acquiring the necessary components to convert an AR-15 into a machinegun is impractical and extremely costly. Registered pre-1986 lightning links are rare, driving up their price to thousands of dollars. Furthermore, obtaining the necessary permits and background checks is a complex and lengthy process that few individuals can navigate successfully.

Conclusion

The conversion of an AR-15 into a machinegun, while theoretically possible, is heavily restricted by U.S. gun laws. Legal conversions are primarily for government agencies and require special licenses. For civilians, the process is impractical and highly regulated. This article highlights the legal and practical barriers to such conversions, emphasizing the importance of adhering to federal and state regulations when modifying firearms.