Understanding Modi's Unstoppable Grip in Indian Politics Despite High Unemployment

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has maintained a strong mandate in Indian politics despite facing a 45-year high in unemployment rates. This article explores the multifaceted reasons behind his resilience, focusing on the role of religion and economic perceptions.

Religious Mobilization and Support

The success of Modi's government can be partially attributed to an effective strategy of religious mobilization. By keeping the masses under the intoxication of religion, Modi has managed to create a strong base of support that transcends economic challenges. This religious fervor has helped in consolidating his political base, making it difficult for opposition parties to gain substantial traction.

Overcoming Economic Challenges

It is commonly believed that an economy suffering from high unemployment rates would automatically lead to political upheaval. However, in the case of India, this has not been the case. The political economy of India is such that the relationship between governance and economic development is complex and often appears to be decoupled.

Economic and political issues in India are less centered around direct measures of economic performance and more around cultural and ideological factors. For instance, while Modi has been criticized for not directly addressing the rise in unemployment, the focus remains on broader issues such as family planning and the need for universal civil code (UCC).

De-Coupling of Politics and Economy

India's economic development story is one of gradual progress, with the majority of the population only recently emerging from subsistence agriculture and artisanal occupations. The economic impact of governance in the decades following independence was limited, as many believed that economic growth could only be achieved by reducing government intervention.

This belief system has persisted even today, and it plays a crucial role in how people perceive economic performance. Hence, when economic downturns or high unemployment occur, they are often seen as personal or situational events rather than a reflection of institutional failure.

Perception and Reality of Economic Growth

The way Indians perceive economic growth is crucial to understanding Modi's political success. Many individuals attribute their personal economic successes to individual efforts or luck, rather than to any systemic or governmental support. Similarly, failures or setbacks in employment are often seen as isolated incidents rather than a broader trend reflecting government policy.

For example, it is common to see a young person who excels through education and subsequently finds a well-paying job. This success is often attributed to individual merit, cultural networks, or luck, rather than to any economic or government policies.

Conclusion

Narendra Modi's ability to remain indefeatable in the face of high unemployment rates is a testament to the complex interplay between religion, perception, and the political economy of India. While economic challenges exist, the government's strategic use of religious mobilization and the broader cultural context in which economic perceptions operate, have played significant roles in sustaining his political success.

Understanding and addressing these dynamics is crucial for both policymakers and analysts seeking to understand the political landscape of modern India.