Understanding Termites: An Overview of ‘White Ants’

Are there White Ants?

The term "white ants" is often used to describe termites, especially in East Africa and some other regions. However, it is a misnomer! Termites are not actually ants, but rather insects closely related to cockroaches. This confusion is a classic example of convergent evolution, where two entirely different organisms can look and behave very similarly. People can easily confuse the two due to their similar social structures, but you shouldn't succumb to the misconception any longer.

While you may have encountered termites that are pale in color, such as a pale yellowish hue, this is not a common trait for all species. Termites, like ants, can vary in color, size, and morphology, but they are fundamentally different in their biology and behavior.

Marais and the Termites

The term "white ant" has its roots in the past, dating back at least a century. Eugène Marais, an African naturalist and philosopher, wrote extensively on termites, contributing immensely to the scientific understanding of these fascinating creatures. His 1925 book, published as "Die Siel van die Mier" in Afrikaans, made him famous. Translated into English as "The Soul of the White Ant," this book became a classic in entomology and inspired many other scientists and writers.

Marais delved into the social and physiological intricacies of termite colonies, suggesting that they should be considered as a single organism, an idea later adopted and expanded upon by Richard Dawkins. Marais's work also influenced Robert Ardrey, who mentioned his writing in "African Genesis."

Despite the significance of his work, Marais faced a severe challenge when Nobel laureate Maurice Maeterlinck plagiarized "The Soul of the White Ant" and republished it under his own name. This incident led to a bitter legal battle, which Marais ultimately lost due to financial constraints. However, he was vindicated by the press and many admirers, and later work has both recognized and celebrated his contributions.

Life and Legacy

Much of Marais's life was marked by personal struggles, including deep philosophical insights, depression, and a morphine addiction. His love for the wilds of Waterberg, north of Pretoria, provided poetic inspiration and solace. Unfortunately, his life ended tragically in 1936 when he took his own life after a period without morphine.

Conclusion

While the term "white ant" may seem nostalgic and rooted in history, it's important to understand that termites are not ants. Instead, they are fascinating insects with complex social structures and behaviors. Eugène Marais's work has left an indelible mark on our understanding of these creatures, making him a significant figure in the fields of natural science and literature.