Understanding the Ideological Basis of Fascism: An Essential Exploration

Fascism, often summarized as the national version of a smart bully wielding modern technology and physical violence to dominate others, is not merely a phrase for characterizing oppressive regimes. It is an ideological system with a deep and intricate web of beliefs and practices. To fully understand fascism, it is crucial to examine its essential ideological underpinnings.

The Core of Fascism: Doctrinal, Not Ideological

Fascism is often seen as a particular ideology, but it is more accurately described as a doctrinal framework. This framework is a dogmatic doctrine or a strategic imperative, a rigid and unyielding set of instructions aimed at controlling the productive capacity of individuals without assuming the responsibility of ownership. In essence, while it may not have an explicit ideological framework, it is deeply rooted in a set of beliefs that guide its actions.

The Components of Fascism

One of the key components of fascism is the creation of a rigid social system, a pyramid where the fascist regime is positioned at the top. This system uses a variety of tools to maintain control, including propaganda, lies, tradition, flattery, scapegoating, conspiracy theories, xenophobia, violence, nationalism, martial pride, and exaggerated notions of “strength.” These tools are designed to manipulate and control the masses, fostering a society filled with hatred and dependence on force.

The Distinction Between Fascism and National Socialism

It is important to distinguish between fascism and National Socialism (NS), as these are not interchangeable terms. While both are oppressive ideologies, they have significant differences that highlight the unique characteristics of each. National Socialism, also known as Nazism, adds a racial component to class, attempting to collectivize workers based on ethnic lines. This ideology incorporates biological determinism, which claims certain ethnicities cannot be part of the collective.

Corporate and Economic Elements of National Socialism

In contrast to fascism, National Socialism advocates for democratic socialism. Small businesses are subject to democratic elections of entrepreneurs, while larger businesses are under state control with resource allocation. This creates a third position, where property rights are not fundamental but are subject to the state's will. Property is granted or revoked based on whether it is deemed to be in the national interest. The Nazi party embedded itself into large businesses, creating cartels or monopolies, ensuring synchronization with Nazi policy under the concept ofgleitchstaung.

The Industrial and Spiritual Elements of Fascism

Fascism, on the other hand, envisions a centralized control of the means of production through a guild system, which is state-controlled. The overarching goal is to create a “spiritual” movement where the state is placed above individuals. National Socialism, while also emphasizing direct state control of production, allows for some property rights, but these rights are not absolute. Property is only allowed if it is deemed beneficial to the national interest.

Conclusion

Understanding the ideological basis of fascism is crucial for comprehending its nature and impact. Unlike a simple collection of policies, it is a complex and multifaceted ideology that uses various tools to maintain control and manipulate society. It is not merely a product of oppression but a system deeply entrenched in its beliefs and practices. By examining the distinctions between fascism and National Socialism, we gain a better understanding of their unique characteristics and the ideological framework that underpins them.