Unveiling SARS-CoV-2 Variants: M1, M2-L, M3-P and Their Visual Characteristics

As the world grapples with the ongoing pandemic, concerns arise about the various strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Recently, the discussion has circled around the existence of three specific mutations or strains labeled M1, M2-L, and M3-P. In this article, we explore the veracity of these strain designations and discuss the visual characteristics of these variants using electron microscopy (EM).

What are SARS-CoV-2 strains?

Technically, the SARS-CoV-2 virus exists in numerous strains, each with minor genetic changes that can be traced back to the early days of the pandemic. The designations M1, M2-L, and M3-P are not a classification system but rather labels used to track the evolutionary pathway of the virus. These minor genetic differences often stem from mutations at the nucleotide level and do not significantly alter the overall morphology of the virus. As a result, the virus under the electron microscope appears largely identical across various strains.

Visualizing SARS-CoV-2 Under the Microscope

When scientists image viruses, they often use fluorescence microscopy instead of electron microscopy to observe viral behavior. Fluorescence microscopy, although less detailed than electron microscopy, allows researchers to track how viruses infect cells. These images appear as colorful dots on a black background, making them more visually appealing and easier for researchers to analyze the viral infection process.

Electron microscopy (EM), on the other hand, provides a higher resolution and is used primarily in academic research settings. EM can capture the detailed structural features of viruses, providing scientists with valuable insights into the virus's composition and behavior. However, these images are not as commonly shared, as they are more technical and require specialized expertise to interpret.

Our Laboratory Experience with SARS-CoV-2

This article draws on our laboratory's experience with coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Over the course of our studies, we have generated numerous fluorescence images of the virus. However, we have never had the need to obtain electron micrographs of SARS-CoV-2. Given that electron micrographs are generally less common in public domains due to their technical nature and the specialized equipment required, it is understandable that many researchers and individuals may not have access to such images.

Accessing EM Images of SARS-CoV-2

The lack of readily available EM images of SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the misconception that these strains, M1, M2-L, and M3-P, are visually distinct. However, it is important to note that the minor genetic differences between these strains do not significantly impact the virus's appearance under the electron microscope. EM micrographs of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are typically published in scientific journals and may be difficult for the general public to access without a background in molecular biology or medical research.

For researchers who are interested in studying these variants, there are several resources they can consult. Preprint servers, such as bioRxiv, often feature EM images and viral protein structures. Additionally, major scientific journals like The New England Journal of Medicine or Journal of Virology may publish high-resolution EM images in their articles. These sources provide detailed information about the structure and behavior of the virus, which can be essential for researchers in the field.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the SARS-CoV-2 virus indeed exists in various strains, primarily due to minor genetic mutations. However, these differences do not significantly alter the virus's appearance under the electron microscope. While electron micrographs of the virus are less common and predominantly used for academic purposes, our understanding of these strains is primarily based on their genetic sequences rather than visual differences.

If you are interested in learning more about the visual characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 under the electron microscope, you may need to consult more specialized sources or experimental research papers. Keep in mind that the focus of EM research often lies in structural studies rather than the everyday clinical applications of identifying specific strains.