What Can Linux Do That Windows Can't?

Linux and Windows are both popular operating systems with a vast array of functionalities, but there are distinct advantages that Linux offers that make it a preferred choice for many users. While both systems are capable of handling most tasks, Linux's unique features and capabilities give it an edge in several areas. Let's explore these advantages and illustrate why Linux is often the better option in certain situations.

Upgrade Without Rebooting

One of the most compelling features of Linux is the ability to upgrade the kernel without having to reboot. Unlike Windows, which often requires a system restart to apply updates, Linux allows the old kernel to continue running until the upgrade process is completed. This seamless transition not only saves users precious time but also ensures system stability during the upgrade process.

No Surprise Updates

Unlike Windows, which sometimes performs updates behind the scenes without user consent, Linux demands explicit permission for any upgrades. This level of control ensures that users are never caught off guard by unexpected changes or interruptions. Additionally, users can configure Linux to prompt them before any updates or changes are made.

Supercomputer Capabilities

Supercomputers generally run Linux rather than Windows. This is due to Linux's powerful performance and flexibility, which are crucial for handling the intense computational requirements of supercomputers. While it is possible to run Windows on supercomputers, it is far less common and often not as efficient.

The Internet Runs on Linux

The majority of web servers, both public and private, run on Linux. When Windows attempted to compete in this space long ago with Internet Information Services (IIS), it failed to gain significant market share. This disparity highlights the robustness and reliability of Linux in high-demand environments like web hosting.

Choice of Window Managers

Linux offers a wide variety of window managers, including KDE, GNOME, Hyprland, and numerous tiling window managers. This flexibility allows users to choose the interface that best suits their needs and preferences. In contrast, Windows primarily focuses on its own standard interface, limiting user customization options.

Open Source and Customization

One of Linux's standout features is its open-source nature. While there are some proprietary drivers, the vast majority of Linux code is freely available for users to inspect, compile, and modify. This level of customization is unparalleled in the Windows ecosystem. For example, if you are working on embedded systems, you can use tools like Yocto to precisely control what goes into your system.

No Opt-Out Spyware

Windows often includes default opt-in options for software, such as Microsoft’s periodic screenshots of your system, which can be seen as a form of surveillance. Linux, on the other hand, doesn't come with these sneaky opt-out features. Moreover, users can easily uninstall any software they no longer need, ensuring complete control over their systems.

Building Your Own Custom Distro

Another significant advantage of Linux is the ability to create your own custom distribution (distro). You can load up your custom distro with the specific applications and tools you want, such as KDE, Blender, or any combination of software. This customization enhances your productivity and caters to your specific needs.

Fee-Free Installation on Multiple Systems

Linux is free to install on as many systems as you want. There is no "Windows Tax" to worry about, making it a cost-effective solution for both personal and professional use. This is particularly beneficial for organizations looking to manage a large number of devices.

Gentle on Hardware

Linux is remarkably gentle on older hardware. For instance, my 7-year-old laptop continues to perform well with Linux. While it might not run the latest version of Windows, Linux ensures that my laptop remains functional and useful for a long time. This extended lifespan is a significant advantage, especially for those with older hardware.

Real-World Examples

In my previous workplace, which used Microsoft-centric technologies, I encountered issues with a scanner that failed to work on Windows but worked perfectly on my Linux laptop. Similarly, we faced challenges with a USB-to-serial converter that had no driver available for Windows 7, but was easily supported by Linux. These examples highlight Linux's ability to solve hardware compatibility issues that are often challenging to overcome on Windows.

Ultimate Customization Control

When a service fails to start with the necessary parameters on Windows, troubleshooting can be a daunting task. The usual approach is to seek help through search engines or forums, hoping to find a solution. In Linux, you have the ability to look at and adapt the startup scripts directly. These scripts can often be over 2,000 lines long, which requires a substantial understanding but is typically can be done by experienced users. This level of control is unparalleled in the Windows ecosystem.

While Microsoft has its strengths, Linux's numerous advantages make it a superior choice in many scenarios. Its flexibility, customization opportunities, and robust performance make it a compelling alternative to traditional operating systems.