What is the Full Form of Pros and Cons?

The phrase 'pros and cons' is a common idiom in English, often used to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a particular decision or situation. However, have you ever wondered what the full form of 'pro' and 'con' actually is? These terms have their roots in Latin, and understanding their origins can provide a deeper insight into their usage in English. Let's explore the full forms and the history behind 'pro' and 'con'.

The Origin of 'Pro' and 'Con'

'Pro' and 'con' are not true abbreviations but rather prefixes derived from Latin. They carry specific meanings in the Latin language: 'pro' means 'for' or 'in favor of', and 'con' or 'contra' means 'against' or 'opposed to'. Here's a breakdown of their etymology:

Pro

'Pro' is short for the Latin word 'pro', which means 'for' or 'in favor of' in Latin. In English, it is often used as a prefix to denote support or favor towards something. For example, you might say 'promote', 'propel', or 'produce', which all include the prefix 'pro' to shift their meaning to indicate positive actions or support.

Con

'Con', on the other hand, is a shortened form of the Latin word 'contra', which means 'against' or 'opposed to'. It is used in English to indicate opposition or disapproval. Words like 'condemn', 'confess', or 'consider' (where it means 'think about') reflect the prefix 'con' in their meanings.

Usage in Pro-Con Lists

One of the most common ways 'pro' and 'con' are used in everyday language is in creating pro-con lists. This involves making a list of reasons why you should or should not do something, comparing the advantages (pros) and disadvantages (cons) to help make a decision. For example, a student might consider the pros and cons of dropping out of college or starting a new job.

Example: Should I Get a Puppy?

Pros:

Companionship Fun Unconditional love Less likely to spend my evening at the bar

Cons:

It will pee on the floor until it's house trained Cost of food, veterinarian, and tick/flea prevention It will take a lot of time and attention I will have to provide for its care if I leave for an entire day or more

By creating a pro-con list, you can systematically evaluate the pros and cons of a situation, helping you make a more informed and balanced decision.

Full Forms and Etymology

From a linguistic perspective, while 'pro' can stand as a full word in English, it is derived from the Latin 'pro'. In contrast, while 'con' can also be used as a standalone word, it is an abbreviation of the Latin 'contra'.

Pro:

Latin: pro Meaning: for, in favor of

Con:

Latin: contra Meaning: against, opposed to

Understanding these full forms and their Latin roots can help you appreciate the depth of these commonly used English prefixes. They are not just abbreviations but carry significant meanings that go back to ancient languages.

While 'pro' and 'con' are primarily used as prefixes in English, it is interesting to note that in some contexts, especially academic or formal writing, the full Latin forms 'pro' and 'contra' might still be used. This is particularly true in legal or philosophical discourse where precise language is crucial.