Why Can't You Pop Bubbles in Water But You Can in Air?

The phenomenon of popping bubbles in water or air is influenced by several factors, including the surrounding medium and the properties of the bubble itself. This article delves into the science behind why bubbles pop differently in air and in water.

Bubble Popping in Air

Surface Tension:

Bubbles in air are formed by a thin film of liquid, usually consisting of soap and water, that encloses air. When a bubble is popped in air, the film breaks, allowing the air inside to escape quickly, leading to the collapse of the bubble.

Pressure Difference:

The internal pressure of air inside the bubble is greater than the atmospheric pressure outside. When the film is broken, the pressure difference causes the bubble to collapse rapidly.

Bubble Popping in Water

Hydrostatic Pressure:

When a bubble is submerged in water, it experiences additional pressure from the surrounding water. This hydrostatic pressure makes it more challenging for the bubble to collapse.

Surface Tension and Adhesion:

The water molecules exert forces on the bubble's surface, helping to maintain its structure. The water's viscosity also plays a role in dampening the collapse of the bubble. These factors make it more difficult for the bubble to burst when it is in water.

Dissolution:

When trying to pop a bubble in water, the surrounding water can quickly dissolve the soap film, leading to a slower collapse rather than an immediate pop.

Understanding the Distinction

Bubbles in air and water behave differently due to the properties of the surrounding medium:

In air, bubbles are essentially a layer separating air from another air space. In water, bubbles represent a layer separating air from water. Air does not blend with water, and when a bubble reaches the water's surface, it pops due to the pressure differences and the material properties of the bubble.

This explains why it’s more challenging to pop bubbles in water. The hydrostatic pressure and the properties of water, such as surface tension and viscosity, contribute to the bubble’s resistance to popping.

Conclusion:

Understanding the complex interplay between bubble properties and the surrounding medium is key to explaining why bubbles can be popped in air but not in water. The unique characteristics of water make it a more resistant medium for bubble popping compared to the air.