Why Did Many Civil War Generals Grow Thick, Long Beards?

The American Civil War era (1861-1865) saw many generals and officers growing thick, long beards. This trend was not unique to the Civil War but part of a broader fashion trend in the Western world during the 1850s and '60s. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind this trend and how it influenced the appearance of Civil War generals.

Fashion and the Difficulty of Shaving on Campaign

Facial hair during the Civil War era was not just a fashion choice but also a practical one. Unlike modern times, where shaving with electric razors or reusable blades is common, soldiers in the Civil War had to contend with cold water, no water, and the use of straight razors, which could be cumbersome and painful to use, especially in field conditions. This lack of proper shaving resources made long beards prevalent among soldiers and generals alike.

The Civil War generals who exhibited thick, long beards often did so as a sign of comfort and practicality. In addition to the warmth and protection offered by beards, they also provided a natural shield from the elements and potential injuries.

A Symbol of Maturity and Capability

Another reason for the prevalence of facial hair among Civil War generals was the association of beards with a mature, capable appearance. In an age when the ability and experience of a leader were more critically important than mere youth or appearance, many generals consciously chose to grow beards in an attempt to appear more mature and experienced. This was a strategic decision, as leaders with a more "aged" look were sometimes perceived as more authoritative and competent.

The 'Sideburn' Trend

A particularly notable fashion trend during this period was the popularization of 'sideburns,' a type of facial hair style named after General Ambrose Burnside. Burnside's unique facial hair arrangement, with hair only on the upper part of the face and cheeks, led to the term 'sideburns' being coined, which is still in use today. This style became famous and widespread among soldiers and civilians during the Civil War.

It’s worth noting that while many Civil War generals grew beards, not all did so to the same extent. A famous example is General Burnside, who grew a prominent mustache and sideburns, which gave him a distinctive look and played a significant role in his public image. The phrase "burnsides" is still occasionally used in the UK to mean facial hair or, less commonly, it can refer to a person's prominent facial hair.

Conclusion

In summary, the thick, long beards of Civil War generals were a blend of practical necessity and fashion choice. While practicality and comfort played a significant role, the broader cultural trend of facial hair also contributed to this trend. Additionally, growing a beard was a strategic choice for leaders to appear more mature and capable, a trait highly valued during the Civil War.