Why Do Beatles Songs Commonly End on a Sixth Chord?

The Beatles' tendency to conclude their songs with a sixth chord, particularly a major sixth, is a distinctive stylistic choice that reflects both musical tradition and their innovative approach to songwriting. This article explores the reasons behind this characteristic and delves into its influence on the emotion and impact of their music.

Harmonic Function

In music theory, ending a song on a sixth chord, especially a major sixth, creates a unique sense of resolution that feels fresh and unexpected compared to more traditional tonic (I) or dominant (V) chords. This chord can provide a sense of relaxation and bittersweetness, giving the ending a warm and melancholic quality. The Beatles masterfully employed this technique to evoke a variety of emotions and moods in their songs, from nostalgia to introspection.

Emotional Impact

The use of sixth chords is not merely a technical choice. It can evoke specific emotions, creating a more personal and heartfelt connection with the listener. For example, a major sixth can impart a sense of nostalgia or longing, which aligns well with the themes often explored in Beatles songs. The Beatles' music frequently delves into introspective and emotional territory, and ending on a sixth chord enhances the listener's engagement with these themes.

Musical Contrast

The Beatles were known for their experimental approach to songwriting and arrangement. Ending on a sixth chord provided a unique twist that set their music apart from other bands of the era. This technique adds a layer of complexity and surprise to the songs, keeping listeners engaged and curious about the music. The Beatles often challenged conventional structures, and this chord usage was just one of many ways they pushed the boundaries of pop music.

Influence of Jazz and Pop

Drawing from a wide range of musical influences, including jazz, the Beatles incorporated sixth chords into their harmonic palette. Jazz often employs these chords, and the Beatles' use of them was part of their broader experimentation with different musical styles. This influence can be heard throughout their catalog, adding depth and variety to their songs.

Signature Style and Influence on Popular Music

While the use of sixth chords as endings was significant and recognizable in The Beatles' music, it was not a defining characteristic of their writing style. They utilized this technique occasionally, and other bands followed suit. In fact, this chord ending was a popular convention in popular music from the 1940s and 50s, reflecting a broader stylistic trend.

Music as an Emotional Medium

Music in songs acts as an emotional medium, evoking powerful responses from listeners. The emotional impact of different genres can be profound. For instance, the darker, aggressive sound of metal with its power chords and deep bass suggests a certain attitude and produces strong emotions. On the other hand, the fluid, full-spectrum progressions of orchestral classical music can express a wide range of emotions but with a more cerebral, complex, and architectural approach.

The Beatles' Musical Background

The Beatles originated from Liverpool, a port city in north-west England, where they grew up hearing a variety of music from their parents' modest record collections and the local pubs/clubs. The radio, known as the "wireless," was a common presence in households. During the 1950s, almost everyone owned a tube radio receiver, and the Beatles, like their peers, would have been influenced by the music they heard.

The types of music the Beatles grew up with included WWII popular music from America and Britain, including the sounds of big bands and swing. Additionally, they were exposed to music from other genres that were prevalent in the mid-20th century, shaping their unique sound and approach to songwriting.

The Beatles' exposure to these diverse musical influences laid the foundation for their innovative style and their use of sixth chords as a distinctive element in their songs. This technique, while not unique to The Beatles, became an integral part of their signature sound, contributing to their immense impact on popular music.

Conclusion

The use of sixth chords as endings in Beatles songs is a testament to their musical innovation and the emotional resonance of their music. Whether for its harmonic function, emotional impact, or musical contrast, the sixth chord remains a powerful tool in the Beatles' arsenal of songwriting techniques.