Why Do Women from Poorer Countries Tend to Pursue STEM Degrees?

Despite stereotypes and cultural narratives, it is not uncommon to find many women from poorer countries pursuing careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Indian women are a prime example of this trend, with thousands choosing STEM degrees to secure better-paying jobs that offer upward mobility. This phenomenon raises questions about the motivations behind this choice and the broader implications for both individuals and societies.

Perception in India

In India, higher education is often seen as a means to achieve a stable and comfortable life through a well-paying job. This mindset is well-founded, as many STEM careers offer decent salaries that can lift individuals and their families out of poverty. The perception that a STEM degree leads to Middle to Upper Middle Class wages makes it a highly sought-after choice for many Indian students.

Reasons for STEM Pursuit

Upward Mobility: For women from poorer backgrounds, pursuing a STEM degree can be a lifeline to better economic opportunities. Here are two key reasons why this trend is prevalent:

1. Escaping Poverty and Improving Quality of Life

For women from financially disadvantaged families, obtaining a STEM degree represents a potential path to financial stability and security. The higher-paying jobs in these fields can provide a substantial income that can help lift one's family out of poverty and improve their standard of living.

2. Economic Independence and Empowerment

Women in affluent countries often have the luxury of choosing not to work or relying on their partners for financial support. However, for women from poorer countries, economic independence is not a choice but a necessity. Pursuing a STEM degree gives them the skills and qualifications they need to secure jobs and become self-sufficient, which is a significant driver of their decision to pursue these fields.

Global Trends and Migration

The lure of STEM degrees extends beyond national borders, with many Indian women choosing to further their studies or work in developed countries like the USA. This trend is driven by the same economic motivations but also by the recognition of the higher quality of education and career opportunities available in developed nations.

Migration to countries like the USA also provides Indian women with the chance to live and work in a more prosperous environment. The higher salaries, better working conditions, and access to advanced technologies and resources can make a significant difference in their careers and overall quality of life.

Broader Implications

The trend of women from poorer countries pursuing STEM degrees highlights the global importance of these fields and the potential for growth in these sectors. Here are the broader implications of this phenomenon:

1. Economic Growth and Moderation

By increasing the number of individuals in STEM fields, countries can boost their economic growth and diversify their economies. This influx of skilled workers can help drive innovation and technological advancements, which are crucial for long-term economic prosperity.

2. Gender Parity and Empowerment

The increase in female representation in STEM fields can lead to greater gender parity and empowerment. As more women enter these sectors, they can help drive changes in the workplace and society, advocating for better working conditions and promoting gender equality.

3. Migratory Patterns and Brain Drain

While the migration of skilled workers can boost careers and earning potential for those individuals, it also poses a challenge for countries of origin. The "brain drain" of highly educated individuals can lead to a shortage of skilled professionals, hindering the development of these countries. This issue underscores the need for policies that support the retention and utilization of talent within their home countries.

Conclusion

The pursuit of STEM degrees by women from poorer countries is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon influenced by a range of socio-economic factors. While these choices offer pathways to economic empowerment and upward social mobility, they also carry broader implications for individual lives and the economic landscapes of nations both at home and abroad.

As the world continues to evolve, it is crucial to support and foster these trends while addressing the challenges they pose. By doing so, we can harness the potential of these individuals to contribute to global progress and development.