Why Is Pakistan Lagging in the Utilization of Science and Technology?

Pakistan is often perceived as a country failing to harness its technological capabilities fully. However, the narrative is more complex than mere technological retardation. While it is true that Pakistan is at the forefront of nuclear power, ballistic missiles, and military technology, the lack of effective utilization of these resources for the broader public sector is a critical issue that needs addressing.

Understanding the Gap in Technology Utilization

The paradox of Pakistan's technical prowess lies in the gap between its capability and the practical application of that capability. Nuclear power plants and advanced military systems coexist alongside manual factories using outdated methods, highlighting the stark contrast between advanced technological capability and its actual use.

For instance, although Pakistan successfully launched a satellite in 1990, it has struggled to update and apply this technology for the benefit of its populace. The agricultural sector, which is a vital component of the economy, is hindered by a failure to transfer advanced technological skills effectively to the farmers who need them the most. This situation is not unique to one sector; it extends to other industries as well.

Pakistan's Technological Landscape

In the telecommunications sector, Pakistan is making significant strides. The country is already operating on 4G networks and is poised to launch 5G soon. Additionally, Pakistan has established a robust local cell phone manufacturing industry, with notable exceptions such as the smartphone market dominated by Apple's iPhones. The country also utilizes optical fiber for fixed broadband services, indicating an infrastructure capable of supporting advanced digital technologies.

The country's IT sector is witnessing a surge, with a growing number of digital payments and mobile banking transactions. Two technology parks have already been established in Lahore, with more planned in Islamabad, further emphasizing the government's commitment to fostering tech ecosystems. Moreover, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) boasts an advanced biometric system with 99% accuracy, contributing significantly to identity management.

Military Technology and Industrial Sector

On the military front, Pakistan is making commendable advancements. The development of indigenous fighters and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) indicative of skilled technological application. However, the industrial sector still lags in the application of cutting-edge technology, with many businesses still relying on inefficient methods.

The textile industry, for example, is a significant contributor to Pakistan's economy, yet it continues to struggle with modernization. The automotive sector, while progressing, is behind the curve compared to other technology-savvy nations. Efforts to integrate technology are slow and sporadic, often confined to specific sectors or regions, leaving a significant portion of the economy lagging behind.

The Role of Education and Infrastructure

The integration of technology into the fabric of Pakistani society is hampered by a lack of emphasis on education and practical training. Schools and universities often focus on imparting facts and theoretical knowledge rather than equipping students with practical skills necessary for utilizing technology effectively. This gap is exacerbated by the influence of traditional religious schools (Madarsas) that often discourage the teaching of secular subjects like technology.

Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach involving:

Investment in education and vocational training that focuses on real-world applications of science and technology. Encouraging public-private partnerships to promote innovation and technology adoption. Enhancing research and development efforts in key sectors to ensure technological advancements benefit the general population.

Ultimately, by closing the gap between capability and application, Pakistan can unlock its full potential, driving economic growth and improving the quality of life for its citizens.