Why is Moses Called the Lawgiver?

Moses, a central figure in world history, holds a unique and significant place in the narratives of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He is often referred to as the 'Lawgiver' because the first five books of the Old Testament, collectively known as the Torah, were transmitted through him. Understanding why Moses is called the Lawgiver requires delving into the historical and religious contexts of these texts.

The Historical and Religious Context of the Torah

The Torah, which translates to 'teaching' in Hebrew, contains a rich tapestry of stories, genealogies, poetry, prophecies, and moral exhortations. These books include Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These works serve as a foundational text for understanding the early history of the Israelites and their relationship with God.

The Authority and Role of Moses

Moses was the man to whom YHWH (the Hebrew name for God) spoke, instructing him on the rules for the Children of Israel. At Mount Sinai, YHWH communicated directly to all the people, and they responded affirmatively, agreeing to become His people. YHWW also spoke the 10 Commandments or statements to the entire assembly. Subsequently, the people asked Moses to act as an intermediary, as they feared they would die if they heard God speak directly. Both Moses and YHWW agreed to this arrangement, and from that point onward, all instructions regarding the laws came through Moses, who recounted God's teachings to the people.

This arrangement led to the term 'Lawgiver,' as the instructions and laws Moses conveyed were not Moses' personal laws but the eternal and binding rules and statutes of God. These laws were then communicated to the Israelites through Moses, making him the intermediary who imparted these divine decrees.

The Transmission of the Ten Commandments

According to the biblical account, God inscribed the Ten Commandments on two stone tablets. Moses, in turn, wrote the four books that followed Genesis, which are part of the Pentateuch. Specifically, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, containing the divine laws and instructions, were gathered and compiled by Moses, likely based on earlier clay tablet recordings passed down by his predecessors.

Significance of Moses in World History

Moses is not only a significant figure in Jewish tradition but also a key historical character with profound implications in world history. His leadership, legal and religious guidance, and his role as an intermediary between God and the people of Israel have made him a prominent figure in religious texts and discussions. His leadership during the Exodus from Egypt and his subsequent advocacy for the Israelites in receiving the laws of God have left an indelible mark on history.

Heretical Interpretations and Their Rebuttal

Some texts, such as John 1:16 and 17, describe Moses as a source of grace and truth. John 1:16 states, 'For from his fullness we have all received grace upon grace,' highlighting the significance of Moses in the context of God's provision of grace. Similarly, John 1:17 affirms that 'the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.' This statement does not negate Moses' role as the Lawgiver; rather, it emphasizes the progression of grace from Moses to Jesus Christ. Acts 3:39 further solidifies the importance of Moses in the history of salvation: 'And by Him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.' This verse underscores the fact that the law, as given through Moses, does not provide eternal salvation but was part of a progression toward a higher form of redemption through Christ.

In conclusion, Moses is not only a historical figure but also a pivotal character in religious and legal frameworks. His role as the Lawgiver is firmly grounded in the divine mandate and the transmission of God's laws to the Israelites, making him a central figure in the unfolding narrative of world history.