Why is it Called a Conning Tower on a Submarine?

Introduction

When one thinks of a submarine, the image that often comes to mind is that of a sleek, cylindrical vessel diving into the depths of the ocean. However, submarines also have structures above the waterline, specifically referred to as the conning tower or sail. This article aims to explain the reasons behind the naming of these structures and clarify their functions.

The Naming of the Conning Tower

Let's start with the term 'conning tower'. Interestingly, the label 'conning tower' is a misnomer for modern submarines, as the term originally referred to submersibles and older naval ships. In the context of submarines, the term refers to the part of the vessel above the waterline, designed for operations on the surface. It is not actually 'conned' (commanded) from the tower itself but rather from the control room within the submarine.

Etymology and Historical Context

The term 'conning' itself has an interesting etymology. It originates from the word 'conduct', which means to direct or lead. Historically, the officer who directed the ship’s course from the bridge was said to "take the con" specifically as a variation of 'conduct'. This practice refers to the officer commanding the vessel from the helmsman's position on the bridge. The verb "to con" is closely related to this, and the phrase "to take the con" has persisted in nautical language.

The Role of the Conning Tower

The part of the submarine that juts above the water is called the sail in the United States Navy and the fin in the Royal Navy. Other navies might use different terms, but they all serve a similar purpose. The conning tower or sail is a critical component of a submarine's design, allowing the crew to operate on the surface.

Surface Operations

The most significant function of the conning tower is to allow the crew to operate the submarine above the waterline. When surfaced, the conning tower provides a raised platform, offering an elevated view of the surrounding environment. This elevated position allows the crew to better navigate the vessel, especially in shallow waters where the submarine might be partially submerged or even floating at the surface.

Periscopes and Observation

The conning tower is not only a platform for crew members but also houses vital observation equipment such as periscopes. Periscopes are essential tools for submarines, enabling them to scout for potential threats, navigate, and communicate with other vessels while remaining hidden below the surface. The height provided by the conning tower ensures that these devices have an unobstructed view, which is crucial for the submarine's safety and operations.

Conclusion

In summary, the conning tower or sail on a submarine, though misspelled in the context of modern submarines, serves a vital function. It provides a raised platform for surface operations and houses critical observation equipment like periscopes. Understanding these roles and their historical context helps shed light on the unique design and operations of these remarkable underwater vessels.