Why is the Tejas not Fully Inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF)? A Comprehensive Analysis

The indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas, developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), remains a significant part of the Indian Air Force (IAF). However, its limited induction is a subject of considerable debate and scrutiny. This article delves into the various factors that have contributed to this limited inductment and examines the latest developments in the program.

Performance and Capability

The Tejas has been meticulously designed to meet the specific requirements of the Indian Air Force. Nonetheless, concerns regarding its performance have been raised, especially when compared to more established aircraft in the same category. The Tejas's combat capabilities, range, and payload capacity have been subjected to scrutiny, with ongoing evaluations needed to ensure it aligns with the IAF’s operational needs. This discrepancy in performance and capability has slowed down the full-scale induction of the Tejas into the fleet.

Production Delays

The development and production of the Tejas program have encountered numerous delays. Initial timelines were repeatedly pushed back, leading to slower induction rates. The IAF has been patient, waiting for the aircraft to meet all operational requirements before progressing to full-scale induction. These delays highlight the complexities involved in the production of a technologically advanced fighter aircraft and the need for rigorous testing and certification processes.

Technical Challenges

The Tejas program has not been without its share of technical challenges. Issues related to avionics, engine performance, and weapon integration have been significant hurdles. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring the aircraft can operate effectively in diverse combat scenarios. While progress has been made, these obstacles remain a key factor in the limited inductment of the Tejas.

Budget Constraints

The Indian Air Force operates with budgetary limitations, which often influence the pacing of new aircraft inductments. Modernizing the fleet with a mix of indigenous and foreign aircraft is a strategic priority, but it sometimes affects the speed at which new platforms like the Tejas are inducted. This budgetary consideration is one of the reasons why the limited induction of the Tejas has been necessary.

Operational Needs

The IAF has specific operational needs that may not be fully met by the Tejas. Other platforms are preferred if they can offer more advanced capabilities, particularly in terms of stealth, range, and payload. These operational needs play a significant role in the IAF's decision-making process regarding the inductment of new aircraft.

Recent Developments and Future Plans

As of August 2023, the Tejas has been inducted into service in limited numbers. The IAF continues to evaluate its performance as more units are produced and delivered. The program's success will depend on addressing these challenges and proving the aircraft's capabilities in real-world scenarios.

The IAF has recently placed an order for 83 Tejas Mk1a aircraft, valued at Rs 45,000 crore. This order follows extensive negotiations and is a significant milestone in the Tejas program. The Mk1a will be equipped with:

ELM2052 AESA radar from Israel

The indigenously built Uttam AESA radar for the Tejas Mk2

Mid-air refueling capability

Better avionics

Electronic warfare capabilities, such as an external Self-Protection Jammer (SPJ) pod for enhanced survivability

Easier maintenance

Reduced weight

On-board oxygen generation system

In addition, the Tejas Mk1a will be capable of firing different types of Beyond Visual Range (BVR) and close combat air-to-air missiles, including:

The Russian Vympel R-73 (CCMs) and R-77 The Israeli Derby The Python 5 The indigenously developed Advanced Beyond-Range Air To Air Missile (Astra BVRAAM)

The IAF’s long-term plan is to add as many as 324 Tejas aircraft, forming approximately 16 squadrons. This expansion includes the addition of 40 Tejas Mk1 and 83 Mk1A, with the remaining Tejas Mk2 versions set to feature increased dimensions, combat range, and payload-carrying capacity. The indigenously built Uttam AESA radar will play a crucial role in enhancing the Tejas Mk2's capabilities.

Conclusion

The Tejas LCA, while facing challenges, remains a critical component of the Indian Air Force. The ongoing efforts to address performance, technical, and budgetary concerns hold promise for the Tejas’s eventual full inductment into the IAF's fleet. The latest developments and future plans indicate a commitment to improving the Tejas’s capabilities and readiness for real-world missions.