Why the US Navy Prefers Subsonic Stealth Missiles Over Hypersonic Weapons

The United States Navy's decision to focus on subsonic stealth anti-ship cruise missiles like the AGM-158C LRASM, rather than high-speed hypersonic missiles such as the Russian Zircon, is rooted in practical considerations related to stealth, technology, and operational effectiveness. This article explores the reasoning behind this strategic choice.

Stealth Against Detection

Subsonic stealth missiles like the AGM-158C LRASM excel in reducing the electromagnetic signature that can be detected by enemy radar systems. Unlike hypersonic missiles, which generate significant heat and electromagnetic signatures, subsonic missiles can fly at low altitudes and remain undetected for extended periods. The limited number of platforms capable of launching hypersonic missiles, combined with their massive heat signatures, makes them easier to track and target.

Physics and Defence Strategies

Hypersonic missiles, while promising in terms of speed and kinetic energy, face significant challenges. The plasma cloud surrounding them blocks incoming and outgoing communications, making real-time control and steering nearly impossible. Moreover, the high speed of these missiles creates a broad heat signature that can be easily detected by enemy radar systems, reducing the element of surprise and easing defense efforts. A fast-moving, unsteerable missile is effectively a self-targeting beacon, broadcasting its location to defenders.

Stealth Coordination and Superiority

The ability to launch stealth missiles from platforms like the F-35, combined with the missile's inherent stealth characteristics, provides a coordinated and effective defense strategy. The F-35's advanced radar and sensor suite can guide the subsonic stealth missile towards its target from a safe distance, minimizing its own detectability. Even if a hypersonic missile were to be used, the response window for detection and interception would be drastically reduced, making it a less effective weapon in a naval engagement.

Long-Range and Precision

Subsonic stealth missiles like the AGM-158C LRASM provide the US Navy with significant advantages in terms of range and precision. These missiles can engage targets from long distances, minimizing the enemy's response time. Their lower IR signature and radar return, combined with the ability to fly at lower altitudes, makes them far less detectable than hypersonic missiles.

Technology Maturity and Cost-effectiveness

The US Navy has a long history of developing and deploying stealth technologies and successful cruise missile systems, such as the Tomahawk. Hypersonic missiles are a relatively new and emerging technology, making them time and cost-intensive to field. The AGM-158C LRASM, on the other hand, leverages existing technologies to provide a cost-effective and lethal weapon system. This approach allows the US to focus its resources on more pressing strategic needs.

Operational Flexibility and Strategic Considerations

The decision to prioritize subsonic stealth missiles over hypersonic weapons reflects a well-thought-out strategy. Hypersonics, while impressive, have significant drawbacks in terms of stealth and practicality. The US Navy can deploy its resourcefulness and operational flexibility to achieve its strategic objectives with a combination of existing technologies and proven systems. This approach ensures that the US remains competitive and effective in a complex and ever-evolving naval environment.

Thus, the US Navy's choice of subsonic stealth missiles like the AGM-158C LRASM over hypersonic weapons is a matter of practicality, stealth, and strategic alignment. The AGM-158C LRASM offers a balanced approach that leverages existing technologies to achieve superior performance in real-world scenarios.