Precision Guided Munitions: Are They More or Less Expensive?

One might assume that the cost of precision guided munitions (PGMs) makes them a less viable option compared to conventional ammunition. However, upon careful analysis, it becomes clear that PGMs can be more cost-effective in certain scenarios.

Why PGMs Are More Expensive

Initially, it is important to note that PGMs are indeed more expensive than regular munitions due to their advanced guidance systems, sophisticated materials, and the technological advancements required to manufacture them. PGMs incorporate navigation guidance systems such as GPS, inertial navigation systems, and other sensors, which significantly increase their cost.

Cost Efficiency in Action

While PGMs are more expensive per round fired, they often require fewer rounds to achieve a successful hit. This is due to their high probability of hit, often within a few meters, as opposed to conventional munitions, which may have a larger dispersion pattern. The high probability of kill further enhances their cost-effectiveness as they can neutralize targets with a higher degree of certainty on the first attempt.

In scenarios where the target is of high value and must be neutralized quickly, the use of precision munitions can be crucial. For instance, in operations against stationary high-value targets like enemy command and control centers, radar installations, or key infrastructure, the precision of PGMs can be life-saving.

Alternative Tactics and Considerations

Not all situations necessitate the use of PGMs. In some cases, conventional munitions fired from precision-guided artillery pieces, equipped with GPS for precise targeting and forward observers monitoring the fall of shot, can be highly accurate. The addition of cheap drones can even serve as excellent spotters for these systems.

However, the use of PGMs often depends on whether the objective is to hit military targets or to strike fear into civilian populations. The psychological impact of observing such advanced weapons being used can play a significant role in the enemy's morale and willingness to surrender or engage in combat.

Strategic Value and Public Perception

The use of PGMs also carries strategic value beyond the immediate military impact. With fewer weapons required and less ammunition to carry or store, the overarching mission can be more efficient. Moreover, the public perception of surgical strikes (where PGMs are used to neutralize targets with minimal collateral damage) is often more favorable than widespread destruction.

Psychologically, the enemy's knowledge of the presence of such weapons and their potential use against them can instill a sense of vulnerability, potentially leading to a quicker resolution of hostilities or a shift in the battlefield dynamics.

Although PGMs are more expensive, their cost-effectiveness, strategic value, and psychological impact make them a critical component in modern military operations. Their precise targeting and reduced need for consumption of ammunition often outweigh the initial investment in these advanced weapons systems.

In conclusion, while PGMs are indeed costly, their cost-effectiveness, precision, and strategic advantages make them indispensable weapons in the arsenal of modern militaries. Understanding the nuances of their use can provide valuable insights into their application in various military scenarios.