Printing PLA: Is It Toxic? A Comprehensive Guide

Printing with PLA, or polylactic acid, is generally considered safe and non-toxic. PLA is derived from renewable resources such as cornstarch or sugarcane, making it an eco-friendly alternative to other materials like ABS. However, there are some considerations to keep in mind when working with PLA to ensure a safe and healthy working environment.

Fumes and Particles

While PLA emits fewer harmful fumes compared to other filaments like ABS, it can still release ultrafine particles (UFPs) when heated. Good ventilation is highly recommended to minimize the inhalation risks associated with these particles.

Additives

Some PLA filaments may contain additives or colorants that could be harmful when heated. Always check the manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS) to ensure you are aware of any potential risks. These additives can increase the toxicity of the filament, so it is crucial to be informed.

Sensitivity and Individual Reactions

Individuals with sensitivities or allergies may still experience reactions to certain materials or fumes, even if they are generally considered safe. It is always important to be aware of your own sensitivities and to take necessary precautions to mitigate any potential risks.

No Food or Medical Use

Although PLA is generally safe, it is important to note that the materials commonly used in 3D printing are still intended for external use and cannot be eaten or used as food tableware. Additionally, they should not be implanted in the body as they are not designed for medical applications.

Understanding PLA

Let's break down what PLA is:

What is PLA?

PLA, or polylactic acid, is produced from renewable resources like cornstarch or sugarcane, making it an eco-friendly filament. While it is biodegradable, it is flammable and can pose a fire risk if exposed to temperatures above 270°C. It is not suitable for use in environments where the material could come into contact with extreme heat, such as engine parts.

Fumes and Odors

When 3D printing with PLA, it releases some volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although these can be harmful if inhaled in large quantities, PLA is generally considered to be the "lesser evil" compared to other filaments. The natural sugar presence in PLA results in a sweet smell during printing. However, some PLA filaments contain additives that can increase their toxicity.

Ensuring Safety

Here are some steps you can take to ensure your safety when working with PLA:

1. Print in a Well-Ventilated Area

Ensure that your workspace has good airflow to reduce the inhalation of fumes and particles.

2. Use an Enclosure

An enclosure can help contain the fumes, reducing the risk of inhalation.

3. Air Purifier

An air purifier can help reduce the levels of VOCs in the air, providing an additional layer of protection.

4. Quality Check

Opt for PLA filaments with fewer additives to minimize potential risks.

Touchy-Feely Safe

PLA is safe to touch and is used in many everyday items like food containers and medical implants. It is not harmful to the skin, and you can use it with confidence.

PLA vs. ABS

ABS filament, on the other hand, is more heat-resistant and can take higher temperatures. However, it is also more toxic due to the petroleum-based materials used in its production. PLA is the safer choice for home or school use, especially in terms of toxicity.

In conclusion, PLA is one of the safer 3D printing materials, provided you take the necessary precautions. Good ventilation, awareness of specific filament types, and individual sensitivities all play a role in ensuring a safe printing environment.